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Clinical Chemistry 1 > 15. Lipid Metabolism, Pathophysiology and Lab Tests > Flashcards

15. Lipid Metabolism, Pathophysiology and Lab Tests Flashcards

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1
Q

3 components of a chylomicron

A
  • Cholesterol
  • Phospholipids
  • Protein (coat)
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2
Q

Effect of insulin on lipolysis?

A

Deceases lipolysis by reducing conversion of fat cell lipid stores into blood fatty acids

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3
Q

What is linolenic acid an example of?

A

Polyunsaturated FA

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4
Q

What is analyzed in the precipitation separation method for HDL measurement?

A

The SUPERNATANT is analyzed for HDL

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5
Q

More common method of HDL measurement?

A

Homogenous enzymatic colorimetric mehod

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6
Q

Effect of insulin on lipid synthesis?

A

Increases lipid synthesis (forces fat cells to take in blood lipid => converted to trigs)

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7
Q

Cause of turbid bottom layer

A

VLDL

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8
Q

Which apolipoprotein to test in the lab for HDL?

A

A1

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9
Q

When chyme enters duodenum, it triggers a hormonal signal called _________

A

Cholecystokinin

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10
Q

Causes a cream layer on top of plasma after overnight refrigeration

A

Chylomicrons (lowest density)

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11
Q

Main function of apolipoproteins?

A

Direct lipids to correct target

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12
Q

What does a turbid sample indicate?

A

Trig levels > 4 mmol/L

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13
Q

Liver synthesis of trigs - 2 sources?

A
  • FAs in adipose tissue

- Carbs from diet

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14
Q

Triglycerides RI

A

< 1.70 mmol/L

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15
Q

Hormone sensitive lipase activity is promoted by ________ and inhibited by _________

A

Promote - growth hormone

Inhibit - insulin

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16
Q

What is familial hypecholesterolemia? Consequences?

A

Defective LDL receptor = no LDL internalization

Leads to atherosclerotic plaque formation

17
Q

4 functions of cholesterol

A
  1. Cell membranes
  2. Precursor of bile acids
  3. Precursor for all steroid hormones
  4. Vitamin D
18
Q

____________ cannot be synthesized in the human body

A

Essential fatty acids

19
Q

Main function of trigs?

A

Provide energy for cells and component of cell membranes

20
Q

4 forms FAs can exist as

A
  • Free fatty acids
  • Triglycerides
  • Phospholipids
  • Cholesterol esters
21
Q

What do patients w/ primary hyperlipidemia develop

A

Xanthomas

22
Q

Function of cholecystokinin

A

Triggers gall bladder release of bile into duodenum

23
Q

Which apolipoprotein to test in the lab for LDL?

A

B100

24
Q

Difference between abetalipoproteinemia and dysbetalipoproteinemia

A

Abeta- = Defective apoprotein B synthesis

Dysbea- = defect in Apo-E synthesis

25
Q

4 major lipids present in plasma

A
  • Fatty acids
  • Triglycerides
  • Phospholipids
  • Cholesterol
26
Q

6 functions of lipids

A
  1. Storage/source of energy
  2. Cell membrane structure
  3. Chemical messengers
  4. Vitamins
  5. Shock absorber
  6. Insulation
27
Q

What does a decrease of Apo C2 lead to?

A

Increased CMs and trigs

28
Q

Reason for lipid profile with elevated trigs but normal total chol?

A

Patient didn’t fast = need recollection

29
Q

Molecule that determines how trigs are used

A

Lipoprotein lipase

30
Q

What makes lipids soluble in blood?

A

Lipids are combined with protein (lipoprotein)

31
Q

2 interfering agents w/ cholesterol measurement?

A

Reducing agents (vitamin C, bilirubin)

32
Q

3 conditions where fecal fat is elevated

A
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • Celiac disease
  • Short bowel syndrome
33
Q

5 drugs used to manage lipid disorders

A
  • statins
  • fibrate
  • bile acid binding resins
  • ezetimibe
  • nicotinic acid
34
Q

When is it not possible to use the LDL formula

A

When trigs > 4.5 mmol/L

35
Q

2 functions of phospholipids

A
  • Cell membrane

- Lipoprotein outer shell

36
Q

Cause of primary hyperlipidemia?

A

Absent/defective LPL, LDL receptors or apolipoproteins

37
Q

Function of Apo C2

A
  • Activates lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

- Stored on HDL for transfer to chylomicrons and VLDL

Clinical Chemistry 1 (13 decks)

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