12. Liver Function and Analysis

Question 1

Tumour marker associated w/ hepatocellular cancer that can be used for diagnosis

Answer 1

a-fetoprotein

Question 2

Normal ratio of AST to ALT?

Answer 2

<1

Question 3

What happens to AST/ALT ratio as fibrosis advances

Answer 3

AST/ALT increases

Question 4

3 histological categories of cirrhosis

Answer 4

1. Micronodular
2. Macronodular
3. Mixed

Question 5

Abnormally high blood pressure in portal vein and its branches. Can lead to ascites, bleeding in GI, abdominal discomfort

Answer 5

Portal hypertension

Question 6

What is the final phase of all chronic liver diseases

Answer 6

Cirrhosis

Question 7

3 metabolic liver disorders

Answer 7

1. Wilson disease
2. Hereditary hemachromatosis
3. a-antitrypsin (AAT deficiency)

Question 8

Gallbladder releases bile through __________ to intestine

Answer 8

cystic duct

Question 9

Bile in bile canaliculi and blood in sinusoids flow in ________ directions

Answer 9

opposite

Question 10

4 main functions of the liver

Answer 10

• Metabolism
• Excretion
• Detoxification/drug metabolism
• Storage of nutrients

Question 11

Brain damage resulting from build up of unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 11

Kernicterus