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Pediatric > 15 > Flashcards

15 Flashcards

1
Q

GROWTH IS THE FASTEST DURING…

A

Puberty

Infancy

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2
Q

FETUS

A

9th gestational week - birth

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3
Q

NEONATE

A

birth - 4 weeks

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4
Q

INFANT

A

4 weeks - 1 year

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5
Q

TODDLER

A

1 - 3 years

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6
Q

PRESCHOOL

A

3 - 6 years

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7
Q

SCHOOL-AGE

A

6 - 12 years

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8
Q

ADOLESCENT

A

12 - 18 years

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9
Q

CEPHALOCAUDAL/1

A

development FROM HEAD TO TOE
raise head before being able to sit
gains control of trunk before walking

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10
Q

PROXIMODISTAL/2

A
  • development from center of body to periphery
  • from midline to periphery
  • occurs bilaterally
  • from general to specific
  • grasps w/ hands before pinching w/ fingers
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11
Q

HEIGHT

LENGTH

A 
standing measurement (height)
recumbent position measurement (length)
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12
Q

LENGTH OF INFANT INCREASES ABOUT..

A

2.5 cm (1inch) per month for first 6 months

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13
Q

BY AGE 1, BIRTH LENGTH INCREASES BY..

A

50 % (mostly in the trunk)

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14
Q

FULL TERM NEWBORN WEIGHS..

A

2.72 - 4.08 kg (6 - 9 lb)

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15
Q

WHEN/HOW MUCH BIRTH WEIGHT IS LOST AND WHY?

A
  • 5 - 10% of the birth weight
  • by age 3/4 days
  • due to passage of stools & lmtd fluid intake
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16
Q

AT BIRTH NEWBORN’S LENGTH IS ABOUT..

A

50cm (20inches)

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17
Q

NEWBORNS HAVE HIGH (1….) CONSUMPTION AND REQUIRE (2…) IN THE FIRST FEW MONTHS

A
  1. oxygen

2. high cardiac output

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18
Q

WHY NEWBORNS REUIRE HIGH CARDIAC OUTPUT…

A
  • due to high oxygen consumption

- pretense of fetal(immature) hemoglobin

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19
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ANEMIA AFTER 3 - 4 MONTHS OF AGE IS DUE TO..

A
  • disappearance of fetal hemoglobin

- loss of maternal iron stores

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20
Q

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE INCREASES…

TO A TOTSL OF… AT 6 MONTHS

A

1.5 cm (0.6 inches) per month
TOTAL of
43 cm (17 in)

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21
Q

SECOND SECOND 6 MONTHS OF LIFE, HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE INCREASES…
TO A TOTAL OF… AT 1 YEAR

A

0.5 cm (0.2 in) per month
TOTAL OF
46 cm (18 in)

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22
Q

NEONATE
SLEEPS…
NAPS…

A

sleeps 8 - 9 hrs

naps 8 - 9 hrs during the day

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23
Q

2 YO
SLEEPS…
NAPS…

A

sleeps 10 hr

naps one short daytime nap

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24
Q

7 YO
SLEEPS…
NAPS…

A

sleeps 11 - 13 hrs

naps rarely

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25
Q

BONE AGE IS DETERMINED BY..

A

X-Ray studies

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26
Q

IN FETUS, BONES BEGIN AS..

A

connective tissue — to — cartilage

cartilage — to — bone/ossification

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27
Q

IN CHILDREN, BONE SYNTHESIS IS…

THAN BONE DESTRUCTION

A

greater

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28
Q

IN CHILDREN, CALCIUM IS RESERVED IN..

A

in the ends of long bones

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29
Q

WHAT’S NECESSARY FOR SKELETAL & SOFT TISSUE GROWTH/DEVELOPMENT…

A

vit A
vit D
sunlight
fluorine

30
Q

GROWTH IS MEASURED IN…

A

height
weight
volume
tissue thickness

31
Q

ERIKSON - INFANCY STAGE

A

trust VS mistrust

32
Q

ERIKSON - TODDLER STAGE

A

autonomy VS shame&doubt

33
Q

ERIKSON - PRESCHOOLER STAGE

A

initiative VS guilt

34
Q

ERIKSON - SCHOOL AGE STAGE

A

industry VS inferiority

35
Q

ERIKSON - ADOLESCENT STAGE

A

identity VS role diffusion

36
Q

FREUD - INFANCY STAGE

A

orality

37
Q

FREUD - PRESCHOOLER STAGE

A

phallic/Oedipal phase

38
Q

FREUD - TODDLER STAGE

A

anality

39
Q

FREUD - SCHOOL AGE STAGE

A

latency/slowing down

40
Q

FREUD - ADOLESCENCE STAGE

A

genitality

41
Q

KOHLBERG - INFANCY STAGE

A

preconventional/premoral

42
Q

KOHLBERG - TODDLER STAGE

A

punishment/obedience

43
Q

KOHLBERG- PRESCHOOLER STAGE

A

morality

44
Q

KOHLBERG- SCHOOL AGE STAGE

A

conventional morality

45
Q

KOHLBERG- ADOLESCENCE STAGE

A

principled morality

46
Q

HOW MUCH FIBER IS RECOMMENDED
IN CHILDHOOD….
BY THE END OF ADOLESCENCE…

A

0.5 g/kg — in childhood

20 - 35g/day — by end of adolescence

47
Q 
FOOD CONTAINING 
   IRON
   ZINC 
   CALCIUM 
combine it with...
A

citrus
fish
poultry

48
Q

HIGH-FIBER FOODS FOR RELIEF OF MILD CONSTIPATION

A
  • cereals
  • bread — whole-grain bread/bran muffin/corn bread square
  • vegetables — spinach/corn on the cob
  • meat substitute — beans
49
Q

PHENYLKETONURIA

A

abnormal buildup of phenylalanine in blood

50
Q

PHENYLALANINE definition

A

a part of protein, an amino acid
occurs naturally in meat/eggs/milk
can be found in sweeteners (aspartame)

51
Q

ASPARTAME MAY BE HARMFUL FOR KIDS WITH WHAT CONDITION

A

phenylketonuria

52
Q

NCEP

A

national cholesterol evaluation program

53
Q

SATURATED FAT FOR KIDS <2y

as per NCEP

A

less than 10% of total calories

54
Q

TOTAL FAT FOR KIDS <2y

as per NCEP

A

no more than 30% of total calories

55
Q

DIETARY CHOLESTEROL FOR KIDS <2y

as per NCEP

A

less than 300mg/day

56
Q

ORS definition

A

oral rehydration solution

consists of electrolytes/glucose/water

57
Q

PREVENTION OF DENTAL DECAY

A

— encourage use of fluorides after 6 months (if com-ty water supply fluoride content is < 0.6 ppm, parts/million)
— rinse infants mouth after feedings

58
Q

IF TAKING ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, INCREASE THESE NUTRIENTS

A

folic avid
vitamin B6
ascorbic acid

59
Q

MANIFESTATIONS FOR
UNDERFEEDING..
OVERFEEDING..

A

— restlessness/crying/failure to gain weight ➡️ under feeding
— regurgitation/mild diarrhea/rapid weight gain ➡️ overfeeding

59
Q

DIET HIGH IN FAT…

A

delay gastric emptying

cause abdominal distention

59
Q

DIETS TOO HIGH IN CARBS…

A

distention
flatus
excessive weight gain

59
Q

FOOD SHOUD BE STORED IN FRIDGE FOR…

A

48 hrs

60
Q

OVERBLENDING OF FOOD SHOUD BE AVOIDED BECAUSE…

A

it causes overoxidation of nutrients

61
Q

DON’T GIVE TO KIDS
WHOLE MILK..
LOW FAT MILK
UNTIL

A

before 1y — whole milk

before 2y — fat free milk, fats needed for neurological development

62
Q

BMI IN LB

A

[ weight lb ➗ height in2 ]✖️703

63
Q

BMI IN KG

A

[ weight kg ➗ height m2 ]

66
Q

HOW MANY DECIDUOUS TEETH..

A

20

67
Q

DECIDUOUS

A

baby teeth

69
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF DECIDUOUS TEETH BEGINS AT..

A

5th month of intrauterine life

70
Q

WHEN PRIMARY TEETH ERUPT..

A

during the first 2.5 years of life

Pediatric (8 decks)

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