1.5~1.6 Transport and Osmosis Flashcards
Feature of passive transport
No ATP required (CO2, O2, H2O)
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient
Osmosis
Diffusion of water
Facilitated Diffusion
The process by which transport proteins (channel proteins) help hydrophilic substances cross (ions, polar molecules)
Two ways in which facilitated diffusion occurs
Provide hydrophilic channel, loosely bind and carry molecules across
Aquaporin
Channel protein that allows passage of H2O
Glucose Transport Protein
Carrier proteins that facilitate the transfer of glucose
Features of Active Transport
Requires ATP, proteins transport substances against concentration gradient (e.g. Na+ pump, proton pump)
Cotransport
The movement of two substances across a membrane in the same direction, especially where one substance helps the movement of the other (e.g. sucrose-H+ cotransporter)
Electrogenic pumps (Na+/K+, proton pump)
An ion pump that generates voltage across membrane
Osmoregulation
Regulation of water and solute concentration
Which organelle forces out water?
Contractile vacuole
Endocytosis
The intake of macromolecules by forming new vesicles
Bulk transport
Transport of proteins, polysaccharides, and large molecules
Name the 3 types of Endocytosis
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis
Exocytosis
The expelling of contents as vesicles fuse with the cell membrane
Phagocytosis
Cellular ingestion of solid material
Pinocytosis
Cellular ingestion of surrouding fluids
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
The process by which ligands bind to specific receptors on the cell’s surface
Solute
Substance that is dissolved and present in a smaller amount
Solvent
Part of solution present in largest amount
Hypotonic
Lower concentration of solutes
Hypertonic
Higher concentration of solutes
Isotonic
Equal concentration of solutes
3 conditions of plant cells in hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions
Turgid, flaccid, plasmolyzed
3 conditions of animal cells in hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions
Lysed, normal, shriveled
Formula for solute potential (ΨS)
-iCRT
Formula for water potential (ψ)
Solute potential (ΨS) + Pressure potential (ΨP)
What is the pressure constant (R)?
0.0831
What is the temperature in K?
273 + C
What is i in solute potential (ΨS)
Ionization constant (number of particles made in water)
