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AP Biology > 1.1 A Tour of the Cell > Flashcards

1.1 A Tour of the Cell Flashcards

1
Q

2 domains of prokaryotes

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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2
Q

4 eukaryotic (domain eukarya) kingdoms

A

Protists, fungi, plants, animals

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3
Q

6 characteristics of prokaryotes

A

No nucleus, DNA in a nucleoid, circular DNA, no organelles other than ribosomes, small size, more primitive

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4
Q

5 characteristics of eukaryotes

A

Has nucleus and nuclear envelope, linear DNA, membrane-bound organelle with specialized structure/function, much larger in size, more complex

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5
Q

Characteristics of nucleus

A

Contains DNA and mRNA, surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer (nuclear envelope; double membrane), nuclear pores, Chromatin, nucleolus

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5
Q

4 similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Cell membrane, genetic material, ribosomes, cytoplasm (cytosol)

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6
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Controls and regulates the activities of the cell

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7
Q

Function of Nuclear Pores

A

Regulates what enters and leaves the nucleus

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8
Q

Function of Chromatin

A

Condenses DNA, complex of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes

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8
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Regulate the movement of materials in and out of the cell

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9
Q

Function of Nucleolus

A

Region where ribosomal subunits (rRNA and proteins) are formed

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10
Q

Cell membrane composition

A

Phospholipid bilayer composed of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

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11
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis (free and bound)

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12
Q

Ribosomes in prokaryotes

A

70S, 50S large subunit and 30S small subunit

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13
Q

Ribosomes in eukaryotes

A

80S, 60S large subunit and 40S small subunit

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14
Q

Function of free ribosomes

A

Float in cytosol, produce proteins used within the cell

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15
Q

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes bound to surface, package proteins for secretion, send transport vesicles to Golgi, make replacement membrane

16
Q

Function of bound ribosomes

A

Attached to Rough ER, make proteins for export from cell

17
Q

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

No ribosomes bound to surface, synthesize lipids, metabolize carbs, detox drugs and poisons, storage of Ca2+

18
Q

Function of Golgi Apparatus

A

Synthesis and packaging of materials (small molecules) for transport, produce lysosomes

19
Q

Cisternae

A

Series of flattened membrane sacs in Golgi; Cis face receives vesicles, Trans face ships vesicles

20
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

Intracellular digestion; recycle cell’s materials; programmed cell death (apoptosis); contains hydrolytic enzymes (break down proteins, lipids etc.)

21
Q

Vacuole in plant cells

A

Large central vacuole that stores water and ions

21
Q

Function of vacuoles

A

Storage of materials; membrane-bound vesicles

22
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Site of cellular respiration

23
Q

Features of mitochondria

A

Double membrane; outer and inner membrane, cristae, matrix

23
Q

Cristae

A

Folds of inner membrane that contain enzymes for ATP production; increased surface area for ATP production

24
Q

3 Evidence of Endosymbiont theory

A

Double-membrane structure, have own ribosomes and DNA, reproduce independently within cell

24
Q

Matrix

A

Fluid-filled inner compartment of mitochondria that contains mitochondrial DNA

24
Q

Function of chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

24
Q

Features of chloroplast

A

Double membrane, thylakoid disks in stacks (grana), stroma (fluid), contains chlorophyll (pigments) for capturing sunlight

25
Q

Function of centrosomes (microtubule organizing center)

A

Region from which microtubules grow (animal cells contain centrioles)

25
Q

Endosymbiont theory

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts share similar origins and prokaryotic cells were engulfed by ancestors of eukaryotic cells

26
Q

Function of cytoskeleton

A

Provides structural support, motility (movement), and regulate biochemical activities

26
Q

3 types of cytoskeleton fibers

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

27
Q

Function of cilia

A

Locomotion and move fluids (short and numerous)

27
Q

Function of flagella

A

Propel through water (long and few)

28
Q

Function of cell wall (PC)

A

Protect plant and maintain shape; composed of cellulose

29
Q

Function of plasmodesmata (PC)

A

Channel between cells to allow passage of molecules from cell to cell

29
Q

Function of Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A

Strengthens tissues and transmits external signals to cells

30
Q

Features of ECM

A

Outside plasma membrane of ANIMAL CELLS, composed of glycoproteins (ex. collagen)

AP Biology (7 decks)

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