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Basic Science Test 1 > 1.5 > Flashcards

1.5 Flashcards

1
Q

where do the upper and lower eyelids (palpebrae) meet?

A

at the medial and lateral canthi

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2
Q

Medial canthus

A

has a fleshy elevation called the lacrimal caruncle, which contains sweat and sebaceous glands
source of eye boogers

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3
Q

Superficial eye structures

A

include the cornea, which rests anterior to the iris/pupil and the bulbar conjunctiva which sits atop the sclera

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4
Q

What structures make up the walls of the bony orbit?

A

roof - mostly frontal bone
floor - maxilla and zygomatic
medial wall - ethmoid and lacrimal bones
lateral wall - zygomatic and sphenoid bones

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5
Q

Extraocular muscles

A

adduction: superior, inferior and medial rectus
abduction: superior and inferior oblique and lateral rectus

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6
Q

Innervation of eyeball

A

Main innervation of EOM - CN III (oculomotor)
EXCEPT for lateral rectus VI and superior oblique IV (LR6 SO4)

Extraocular muscles: CN III (oculomotor), CN IV (trochlear), CN VI (abducens)

Nerve of vision: optic (CN II)

Sensation, lacrimation: trigeminal (CN V)

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7
Q

Trochlear nerve palsy

A

superomedial deviation

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8
Q

abducens nerve palsy

A

medial deviation

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9
Q

oculomotor nerve palsy

A

ptosis and deviation

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10
Q

Arterial supply to the eye

A

The primary blood supply to the orbit is the ophthalmic a. which branches off the internal carotid.

ECA:
The orbit receives some anastomotic blood from angular a. (branches from facial a.) and medial meningeal a.

Infraorbital a. supplied some of the orbital floor and branches from maxillary a.

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11
Q

Ophthalmic vv and danger triangle

A

The valveless ophthalmic vv provide a path for venous blood from danger triangle to drain into the cavernous sinus.
There is a possibility for infection to spread and cavernous sinus thrombosis

The danger triangle is the region of the face that can drain into the ophthalmic vv.

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12
Q

Support structures of the eyeball

A

bony orbit
adipose tissue
outer connective tissue that allows movement and support

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13
Q

Outer connective tissue of the eyeball

A

Anterior - conjunctiva
Posterior - bulbar fascia
- forms fascial sheath that maintains eye position
Episcleral space - loose connective tissue layer allowing eye movement

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14
Q

Conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane that covers sclera and folds to form a membrane, coating inner eyelid surfaces
Function: lubrication

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15
Q

conjunctival sac

A

space between layers when eye is closed
- houses contact lenses and eye drops

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16
Q

conjunctivitis

A

any inflammation
EX: pink eye - conjunctival infection

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17
Q

Soft tissue associated with the eyeball

A

lacrimal gland
- located in orbit, superolateral to eye
- secretes into conjunctival sac
- N: facial n. (CN VII)

excess fluid –> lacrimal canaliculi –> lacrimal sac –> duct –> nasal cavity

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18
Q

Muscles of the eyelid

A

orbicularis oculi
levator palpebrae superioris
superior tarsal

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19
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

A: 2 parts - orbital (tight closing) and palpebral (gentle closing)
N: facial n (CN VII)

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20
Q

levator palpebrae superioris and superior tarsal

A

I: upper eyelid
A: raises upper eyelid
LP N: oculomotor n (CN III)
ST N: sympathetic nervous system

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21
Q

facial nerve palsy

A

affects orbicularis oculi
- drooping lower lid and brow
- inability to close lids

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22
Q

oculomotor nerve palsy

A

affect levator palpebrae superioris

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23
Q

horner’s syndrome

A

affects sympathetic innervation to superior tarsal m

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24
Q

Nose and sinuses (label)

A
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25
Label outer ear
26
Internal and External acoustic meatus
External - located between the mastoid process and zygomatic arch Internal - opens in base of skull
27
Label external ear
28
Label middle ear
29
Eustachian tube
function: equalize pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane, allowing sound waves to be transmitted anatomy: - cartilaginous medial walls - bony lateral walls - "closed during resting state muscles of the soft palate open/close - opening is associated with yawning and swallowing
30
otitis media
acute otitis media - acute infection of middle ear fluid - tympanic membrane is yellow or white, bulging, opaque, and or immobile - severe, untreated OM can spread to mastoid bone and cause mastoiditis
31
Label inner ear
32
Parts of inner ear and their function
bony labyrinth - hollow space within petrous part of temporal bone cochlea - hearing vestibule and semicircular canals - balance
33
Muscles of middle ear
tensor tympani and stapedius
34
tensor tympani
- tenses the tympanic membrane and reduces the amplitude of its oscillations - prevents damage to the internal ear during loud sounds - Innervated by CN V3 (mandibular)
35
stapedius
- inserts into neck of the stapes - reduces oscillatory range into the cochlea - reflex is to protect from loud noises - innervated by CN VII
36
Arterial supply of ear
supply comes from branches of external carotid artery - posterior auricular a - superficial temporal a
37
Innervations of ear
special senses: CN VIII - balance and cochlear sound somatic sense: CN V, CN VII, CN IX, CN X motor: CN V, CN VII
38
Muscles involved in mastication
temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid
39
temporalis
O - temporal bone I - mandibular coronoid process A - elevation and mandibular retraction
40
masseter
O - zygomatic arch I - ramus and angle of mandible A - mandibular elevation
41
lateral pterygoid
O - sphenoid bone I - articular TMJ disk, mandibular condyle (pterygoid fovea) A - protrudes and lateral mandibular movement
42
medial pterygoid
O - sphenoid/ maxilla I - deep surface of mandible angle A - mandibular elevation
43
Mastication muscle(s) responsible for depression
lateral pterygoid mm aided by auprahydoid mm
44
Mastication muscle(s) responsible for elevation
masseter medial pterigoigs anterior temporalis fibers
45
Mastication muscle(s) responsible for protrusion
both lateral and medial pterygoids
46
Mastication muscle(s) responsible for retraction
posterior (horizontal) temporalis fibers
47
Mastication muscle(s) responsible for lateral movement
lateral and medial pterygoids on one side only (primarily lateral)
48
Neurovasculature of mastication muscles
CN V3 and maxillary a * lesion of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve will cause deviation of jaw toward affected side*
49
TMJ synovial joint
- modified hinge joint - articular surfaces are covered with fibrocartilage - articular disc divides synovial cavity into 2 compartments
50
TMJ capsule
thin and lined by synovial membrane loose joint capsule that allows movement
51
TMJ temporomandubular (lateral) joint
function: - reinforce lateral side of joints - limit posterior movement of mandibular condyle
52
Normal TMJ Movement
- head of mandible and disc glide anteriorly on articular tubercle due to pull of the lateral pterygoid
53
TMJ neurovasculature
CN 3 and maxillary a
54
Dislocated TMJ joint movement
55
Oral cavity
lips and cheek - fleshy, muscular folds lined by mucosa gingiva - fibrous tissue covered by mucosa 2 regions: - vestibule - narrow space between lips and teeth/gums - oral cavity proper - large space dorsal to teeth
56
hard palate
anterior portion - palatine bones and maxillary process
57
soft palate
posterior portion skeletal muscle uvula - extension thta covers naopharynx during swallowing palatine tonsils - flank soft palate
58
palatoglossal arch
from soft palate to lateral sides of the tongue blue arrow in pic
59
palatopharyngeal arch
from soft palate to lateral pharynx posterior to palatoglossal arch green line in pic
60
palatine tonsils
between arches tonsilitis pink line in pic
61
Tonsilitis
62
Neurovasculature of oral cavity
CN V2 and V3 maxillary a.
63
Describe the tongue.
muscular, glandular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity proper when mouth is closed lingual papillae - house tase buds and grip food lingual tonsils - lymph tissue on tongue lingual frenulum - connective tissue anchoring inferior surface with floor of oral cavity salivary glands empty via sublingual palpillae compose of skeletal muscle and salivary glands
64
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
intrinsic - no bony attachments; alter shape of tongue extrinsic - bony attachment; move tongue as a whole
65
List extrinsic muscles of tongue
hypoglossus stuyloglossus genioglossus palatoglossus
66
Hypoglossus
A - depress and retract tongue N - hypoglossal n (CN XII)
67
Styloglossus
A - elevate and retract N - hypoglossus n. (CN XII)
68
Genioglossus
A - depress and protract N - hypoglossal n (CN XII)
69
Palatoglossus
A - elevate posterior tongue N - CN X
70
Floor of the mouth
Geniohyoid - elevates hyoid - depress mandible Mylohyoid - elevates floor during swallowing
71
Label tongue
72
Tongue neurovasculature
Motor inntervation: - extrinsic and intrinsic mm: CN XII (hypoglossal) - genioglossus m - protraction of tongue can demonstrate damage of CN XII. If paralyzed, pulls toward affected side Sensory innervation: - Anterior 2/3 * taste - CN VII, chorda tympani * somatic - CN V3, lingual n - Posterior 1/3 * taste - CN IX * somatic - CN IX
73
Arterial supply to tongue
external carotid artery branch: lingual artery
73
Arterial supply to tongue
external carotid artery branch: lingual artery

Basic Science Test 1 (5 decks)

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