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Basic Science Test 1 > 1.2 > Flashcards

1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Zygopopheseal joint

A

located between inferior and superior articular facets
allows for small movements between vertebrae that contribute to overall mobility of the spine

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2
Q

Function of thoracic facets

A

limit flexion and extension but allow rotation

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3
Q

Function of lumbar facet joints

A

allow flexion and extension but limit side-to side rotation

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4
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

present through spine and attach the lamina of adjacent vertebrae
contain elastic connective tissue that facilitates flex/ext of the spine

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5
Q

Cauda equina

A

collection of spinal nerves within dural sac

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6
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

located C5 - T1
source of nerves that supply the upper limbs

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7
Q

Lumbar enlargement

A

located in T11 - S2
source of nerves that supply the lower limbs

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8
Q

Filum Terminale

A

anchors inferior end of spinal cord and dural sac

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9
Q

Lumbar cistern

A

subarachnoid space in the lower lumbar spinal canal
contains cerebrospinal fluid and nerve roots of the cauda equina

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10
Q

Denticulate ligament

A

anchors the spinal cord at each side to the dura mater

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11
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

located between the cranium and vertebral column

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12
Q

Motions of the vertebral column

A

flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

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13
Q

Vasculature of the vertebral column

A

Vertebrae are supplied by periosteal and equatorial branches of the major cervical and segmental arteries and their spinal branches.

Spinal branches enter the IV foramina and divide into anterior and posterior vertebral canal branches that pass to the vertebral body and vertebral arch.

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14
Q

Venous drainage

A

Internal and external vertebral venous plexus

Intervertebral veins

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15
Q

Spinal nerves

A

function in pain, proprioception, and sympathetic vasoconstriction

Post. (dorsal) roots are afferent and sensory.
Ant. (ventral) roots are efferent and motor.

When the ant. and post. roots exit the spinal cord and join together, they form the spinal nerve which carries both motor and sensory information.

The rami carry both sensory and motor information because they branch off the spinal nerve.

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16
Q

The muscles of the back are grouped into what three layers?

A

superficial
intermediate
deep

17
Q

Facia of the deep muscles of the back

A

Facial coverings enclose the muscles

Nuchal ligament: separates the C3 - C5 spinous processes from the surface
Spinous process
Sacral crest

18
Q

Deep muscles of the back: superficial group

A

Splenius mm.

Splenius captitis & splenius cervicis

19
Q

Splenius capitis

A

Origin: nuchal ligament
Insertion: temporal and occipital bones
Action: lateral flexion, rotation, extension
Innervated: posterior rami, spinal nerves

20
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

Origin: C7-T6
Insertion: C1-C4
Action: lateral flexion, rotation, extension
Innervated: posterior rami, spinal nerves

21
Q

Deep muscles of the back: intermediate group

A

Erector spinae group

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

22
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis

A

Origin: ribs 3-6
Insertion: transverse processes of C4 - C6
Action: extension, lateral flexion, rotation
Innervation: dorsal rami

23
Q

Deep muscles of the back: deep group

A

Transversospinalis Group

Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores

24
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

Origin: tips of transverse processes up upper 6/7 thoracis and C7 and from articular process of the 3 cervical above this
Insertion: between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
Action: extension, draw head back, lateral flexion, and rotation
Innervation: dorsal rami

25
Multifidus
Origin: sacrum, posterior iliac spine, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracis vertebrae, articular processes of C4-C7 Insertion: Spinous process 2-4 vertebrae superior to the origin Action: stabilize Innervation: posterior branches
26
Rotatores breves
Origin: transverse processes of each thoracic vertebrae Insertion: spinous processes of the vertebra above each respective origin Action: extension and rotation of the vertebral column Innervation: cervical, thoracic, and spinal nerves
27
Deep muscles of the back: suboccipital region
Rectus capitis: major and minor Obliquus capitis: superior and inferior
28
Rectus capitis major
Origin: spinous process of the axis C2 Insertion: lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone Action: extension and rotation Innervation: dorsal ramus of C1
29
Obliquus capitis superior
Origin: upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas Insertion: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal line Action: extension, flexion to the ipsilateral side Innervation: posterior primary division of the spinal nerves
30
Suboccipital triangle
formed by the suboccipital mm Origin: C1 and C2 Insertion: inferior nuchal line, C1 and occiput Action: move head Innervation: C1
31
arterial supply
segmental arteries arising from neighboring arteries innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves
32
Iliocostalis thoracis
Origin: upper borders of the angles of lower 6 ribs medial to lumborum insertion Insertion: upper borders of the angles of upper 6 ribs into back of C7 transverse process Action: extension, lateral flexion, rotation Innervation: dorsal rami of C8, thoracic and upper lumbar nerves
33
Iliocostalis lumborum
Origin: iliac crest and lateral portion of common erector spinae tendon Insertion: inferior borders of angles of lower 6/7 ribs Action: extension, lateral flexion, rotation, rib depression Innervation: dorsal rami, thoracic and upper lumbar nerves
34
Semispinalis cervicis
Origin: Transverse process of T1-T6 Insertion: Spinous process of C2-C7 Action: extension, lateral flexion, rotation Innervation: dorsal rami
35
Semispinalis thoracis
Origin: transverse processes of T6-T12 Insertion: Spinous processes of C6-T4 Action: extension, lateral flexion, rotation Innervation: dorsal rami
36
Rotatores longi
Origin: transverse processes of each thoracic vertebra Insertion: spinous process of the vertebra two above that origin Action: extension and rotation of vertebral column Innervation: cervical, thoracic, and spinal nerves
37
Rectus capitis minor
Origin: tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas Insertion: medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum Action: extension Innervation: branch of dorsal primary division of suboccipital nerve
38
Obliquus capitis inferior
Origin: apex of the spinous process of the axis Insertion: interior and dorsal part of the transverse process of the atlas Action: rotation of head and C1 Innervation: posterior primary division of the spinal nerves

Basic Science Test 1 (5 decks)

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