1461-64: Key Events

Question 1

When was the Battle of Towton? Who won? Who fled? Where?

Answer 1

29th Mar 1461
Yorkists (Ed IV)
Lancs (Henry VI)
Scotland

Question 2

How did Edward IV assert his kingship after the Battle of Towton? When?

Answer 2

Marched from York to Durham
Apr 1461

Question 3

When did the Scots raid Carlisle? Who repelled them? What was organised after?

Answer 3

Jun 1461
John Neville (Montagu)
truce with Scots until Aug 1461 (1 month)

Question 4

When was Edward IV coronated?

Answer 4

28th Jun 1461

Question 5

When was Warwick promoted? What was his new position?

Answer 5

July 1461
Warden of East and West Marches (of Scotland)

Question 6

When did Pembroke Castle surrender? When did Caernarvon Castle surrender? When did Denbigh Castle surrender? Who to?

Answer 6

Pembroke - 30th Sept 1461
Caernarvon - Oct 1461
Denbigh - Jan 1462
William Herbert

Question 7

When did Sir Ralph Percy defect to Edward IV? Where was he appointed then?
When did he defect back to Lancs?

Answer 7

Autumn 1461
Captain of Dunstanburgh
Oct 1462

Question 8

Who surrendered at Caernarvon? When? Who to?

Answer 8

Jasper Tudor & Henry Holland (Exeter)
Oct 1461
William Herbert

Question 9

Who did Carreg Cennen Castle surrender to? When? What was the only Welsh castle left in Lancastrian hands after?

Answer 9

Richard Herbert
May 1462
Harlech

Question 10

What was the name of the agreement between Queen Margaret and Louis XI? When was it agreed? What was agreed?

Answer 10

Treaty of Chinon
24th Jun 1462
French to help retake England for Lancs, in exchange for Calais

Question 11

Where did Margaret first go when invading Northumberland with Pierre de Breze? Then where did she land? When? Where did Margaret’s forces temporarily take control?

Answer 11

Scotland - to pick up Henry VI
Bamburgh
25th Oct 1462
Alnwick Castle

Question 12

Why did Margaret flee Alnwick? Where to? When? Was this a success?

Answer 12

advancing large Yorkist army
Berwick
13th Nov 1462
no - many destroyed ships near Lindisfarne

Question 13

With who and how many men did Margaret invade England in 1462? What did he do in 1463? When?

Answer 13

Pierre de Breze
2,000 French
rescued garrison from Alnwick Castle
5th Jan 1463

Question 14

When did 2 Lanc castles in Northumberland surrender? Which ones? Who to? Who was captured?

Answer 14

24th Dec 1462 (Xmas eve)
Bamburgh & Dunstanburgh
Warwick
Somerset

Question 15

When was Sir Ralph Percy later pardoned by Ed IV? Where was he then appointed? When did he treacherously defect again? How?

Answer 15

Jan 1463
Captain of Bamburgh + Dunstanburgh
Apr 1463
deliberately allowed Lancs to enter Bamburgh + Dunstanburgh

Question 16

When did Alnwick Castle surrender? Who to? Who was controversially allowed to escape? Who rescued them?

Answer 16

5th Jan 1463
Warwick
Lord Hungerford + garrison
Pierre de Breze

Question 17

When was Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset restored by Edward IV? When did he return Lancastrian?

Answer 17

Apr 1463
early 1464

Question 18

When did the Scots invade England on behalf of the Lancastrians? Where did they siege? When was the siege abandoned? Why?

Answer 18

Jul 1463
Norham
Autumn 1463
besiegers attacked by Warwick + Montagu

Question 19

When did Edward IV obtain a grant to raise an army to fight the Scots? How much money was it? What was the problem?

Answer 19

Jul 1463
£10,000
he never did it

Question 20

Who recaptured Alnwick Castle for Lancs in 1461? When?

Answer 20

William Tailboys
winter 1461

Question 21

When did Edward IV make an alliance with King Louis XI of France? Which New Yorkist assisted in its negotiation?

Answer 21

Oct 1463
Sir John Wenlock

Question 22

When did Edward IV make an alliance with King James III of Scotland?

Answer 22

Dec 1463

Question 23

What did Edward IV’s foreign allies by the end of 1463 promise to do?

Answer 23

completely cut support for Henry VI & Lancs

Question 24

What developed in summer 1463? In how many counties? Why?

Answer 24

riots
15
Edward IV’s seeming inactivity

Question 25

When were the Earl of Oxford and his son executed? What were their names? What for?

Answer 25

26th Feb 1462
John de Vere & Aubrey de Vere (loyal Lancs)
High treason

Question 26

Which Woodvilles were pardoned by Edward IV? When?

Answer 26

Lord Rivers & Lord Scales
July 1461

Question 27

How many people were attainted for supporting Lancs in 1461? How many were Lords? How many were already dead?

Answer 27

113
14
7

Question 28

Which illness prevented Edward IV from leading his army against Lancs? When?

Answer 28

Measles
1462

Question 29

Where was there a minor Lancastrian rebellion in 1461? Who caused it? Who put it down? When?

Answer 29

Brancepeth, Durham
Humphrey Neville (from a disinherited Lanc line of Nevilles)
Lawrence Booth, Bishop of Durham
June 1461

Question 30

Which Scottish former ally of Margaret died? When?

Answer 30

Mary of Guelders
1463

Question 31

What was the name of Edward IV’s Yorkist peerage?

Answer 31

New Yorkists

Question 32

To what position was Lord Fauconberg promoted to? What was his real name? When did he die?

Answer 32

Earl of Kent
William Neville
1463

Question 33

What titles was Warwick rewarded with for supporting Edward IV? (3)

Answer 33

Captain of Calais
Admiral of England
Constable of Dover Castle

Question 34

Which 2 new Yorkists replaced some of Warwick’s previous roles, denying him a full monopoly?

Answer 34

Lord Hastings -> controlled Duchy of Lancaster
William Herbert -> Lieutenancy of South Wales