1461-64: Key Events Flashcards
When was the Battle of Towton? Who won? Who fled? Where?
29th Mar 1461
Yorkists (Ed IV)
Lancs (Henry VI)
Scotland
How did Edward IV assert his kingship after the Battle of Towton? When?
Marched from York to Durham
Apr 1461
When did the Scots raid Carlisle? Who repelled them? What was organised after?
Jun 1461
John Neville (Montagu)
truce with Scots until Aug 1461 (1 month)
When was Edward IV coronated?
28th Jun 1461
When was Warwick promoted? What was his new position?
July 1461
Warden of East and West Marches (of Scotland)
When did Pembroke Castle surrender? When did Caernarvon Castle surrender? When did Denbigh Castle surrender? Who to?
Pembroke - 30th Sept 1461
Caernarvon - Oct 1461
Denbigh - Jan 1462
William Herbert
When did Sir Ralph Percy defect to Edward IV? Where was he appointed then?
When did he defect back to Lancs?
Autumn 1461
Captain of Dunstanburgh
Oct 1462
Who surrendered at Caernarvon? When? Who to?
Jasper Tudor & Henry Holland (Exeter)
Oct 1461
William Herbert
Who did Carreg Cennen Castle surrender to? When? What was the only Welsh castle left in Lancastrian hands after?
Richard Herbert
May 1462
Harlech
What was the name of the agreement between Queen Margaret and Louis XI? When was it agreed? What was agreed?
Treaty of Chinon
24th Jun 1462
French to help retake England for Lancs, in exchange for Calais
Where did Margaret first go when invading Northumberland with Pierre de Breze? Then where did she land? When? Where did Margaret’s forces temporarily take control?
Scotland - to pick up Henry VI
Bamburgh
25th Oct 1462
Alnwick Castle
Why did Margaret flee Alnwick? Where to? When? Was this a success?
advancing large Yorkist army
Berwick
13th Nov 1462
no - many destroyed ships near Lindisfarne
With who and how many men did Margaret invade England in 1462? What did he do in 1463? When?
Pierre de Breze
2,000 French
rescued garrison from Alnwick Castle
5th Jan 1463
When did 2 Lanc castles in Northumberland surrender? Which ones? Who to? Who was captured?
24th Dec 1462 (Xmas eve)
Bamburgh & Dunstanburgh
Warwick
Somerset
When was Sir Ralph Percy later pardoned by Ed IV? Where was he then appointed? When did he treacherously defect again? How?
Jan 1463
Captain of Bamburgh + Dunstanburgh
Apr 1463
deliberately allowed Lancs to enter Bamburgh + Dunstanburgh
When did Alnwick Castle surrender? Who to? Who was controversially allowed to escape? Who rescued them?
5th Jan 1463
Warwick
Lord Hungerford + garrison
Pierre de Breze
When was Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset restored by Edward IV? When did he return Lancastrian?
Apr 1463
early 1464
When did the Scots invade England on behalf of the Lancastrians? Where did they siege? When was the siege abandoned? Why?
Jul 1463
Norham
Autumn 1463
besiegers attacked by Warwick + Montagu
When did Edward IV obtain a grant to raise an army to fight the Scots? How much money was it? What was the problem?
Jul 1463
£10,000
he never did it
Who recaptured Alnwick Castle for Lancs in 1461? When?
William Tailboys
winter 1461
When did Edward IV make an alliance with King Louis XI of France? Which New Yorkist assisted in its negotiation?
Oct 1463
Sir John Wenlock
When did Edward IV make an alliance with King James III of Scotland?
Dec 1463
What did Edward IV’s foreign allies by the end of 1463 promise to do?
completely cut support for Henry VI & Lancs
What developed in summer 1463? In how many counties? Why?
riots
15
Edward IV’s seeming inactivity
When were the Earl of Oxford and his son executed? What were their names? What for?
26th Feb 1462
John de Vere & Aubrey de Vere (loyal Lancs)
High treason
Which Woodvilles were pardoned by Edward IV? When?
Lord Rivers & Lord Scales
July 1461
How many people were attainted for supporting Lancs in 1461? How many were Lords? How many were already dead?
113
14
7
Which illness prevented Edward IV from leading his army against Lancs? When?
Measles
1462
Where was there a minor Lancastrian rebellion in 1461? Who caused it? Who put it down? When?
Brancepeth, Durham
Humphrey Neville (from a disinherited Lanc line of Nevilles)
Lawrence Booth, Bishop of Durham
June 1461
Which Scottish former ally of Margaret died? When?
Mary of Guelders
1463
What was the name of Edward IV’s Yorkist peerage?
New Yorkists
To what position was Lord Fauconberg promoted to? What was his real name? When did he die?
Earl of Kent
William Neville
1463
What titles was Warwick rewarded with for supporting Edward IV? (3)
Captain of Calais
Admiral of England
Constable of Dover Castle
Which 2 new Yorkists replaced some of Warwick’s previous roles, denying him a full monopoly?
Lord Hastings -> controlled Duchy of Lancaster
William Herbert -> Lieutenancy of South Wales
