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LALE > 146 Maintenance > Flashcards

146 Maintenance Flashcards

1
Q
  • microscopic, causes diseases

* classifications: fungi, bacteria, virus, mycoplasma, nematodes, viroids

A

Pathogens

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2
Q
  • pathogen dispersed through mycelia & spores (thread-like growth)
  • found in air
A

Fungi

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3
Q
  • one-celled pathogen

* reproduce by cell division

A

Bacteria

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4
Q
  • pathogen
  • complex molecules that infect, multiply
  • act like living organisms in plant
A

Viruses

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5
Q
  • pathogens
  • no rigid wall
  • bigger than viruses, smaller than bacteria
A

Mycoplasma

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6
Q
  • thread-like roundworms
  • occur in soil and plant parts
  • interfere with plant functions (attack roots)
  • Control: cut of infected roots and replant; soil fumigant
A

Nematodes

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7
Q

• like viruses with no rigid cell wall
• infects only plants
• smaller than viruses (infects all types)

A

Viroids

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8
Q
  • kills host cells & slows metabolism
  • blocks food, water and nutrient passage
  • taking over genetic control
  • absorbing/ consuming cell contents
  • multiplies in great numbers
A

Pathogens

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9
Q
  • enters through wounds and natural openings (stomates, leaf scars)
  • spread by contact w/ infected plants or tools
A

Pathogens

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10
Q

Control:
• cover wound w/ antiseptic prep (white lead, tar, or paint)
• lime into the ground
• fungicide - Bordeaux mixture (copper sulphate, lime and water)

A

Pathogens

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11
Q
  • chewing insect
  • voracious feeders
  • cause extensive damage to leaves and fruits
  • control: kill instantly, spray with stomach poison
A

Caterpillar

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12
Q
  • chewing insect - feeds on leaves and buds at night
  • enemy of rose growers
  • control: hand-pick at night, 2x a week; light traps
A

Beetles

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13
Q
  • chewing insect
  • Control: paradichlorbenzene crystals to the soil
  • stems turn yellow, dies down to its roots
  • larva of beetles
A

Grubworms (ulalo) > toy beetles (salagubang)

Wireworms

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14
Q
  • sucking insect
  • soft-bodied, pear-shaped
  • secretes colorless honeydew (attracts ants)
  • sooty mold (black fungus)
  • Control: tobacco juice or soap
A

Aphids / Plant Lice

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15
Q
  • sucking insect
  • puncture plant tissue and suck juices (winged males are harmless)
  • white specks
A

Scales / Mealy Bugs

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16
Q
  • microscopic sucking insects
  • causes leaf spots
  • red, brown, black or white
  • rapid infestation, 10 days for full life cycle
A

Mites

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17
Q

Control:
• Contact poison (nicotine sulphate or Blackleaf 40)
• soap + Blackleaf 40
• Tobacco juice

A

Sucking insects

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18
Q 
Control:
• Stomach Poison (lead arsenate, 2-5 tb per gallon of water)
• DDT 
• Endrine
• Malathione
A

Chewing Insects

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19
Q 
• plant eater
• prolific, produces thousands of eggs
• Control:
metaldehyde baits
clean and tidy garden area
pour boiling water/ salt
lime
A

Snails

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20
Q

Consists of:
Endrine
Resitox
Malathion

A

Insecticides

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21
Q

Type of poison
• arsenate of lead (slow-acting, poisonous, doesn’t burn leaves)
• calcium arsenate (injures tender foliage)
• paris green

A

Stomach Poisons

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22
Q

Type of poison
• paris green baits (for grasshoppers and beetles)
• mateldehyde baits

A

stomach poisons

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23
Q

Type of poison
• nicotine sulphate
• kerosene emulsion
• soap spray (aphids and thrips)

A

Contact poisons

24
Q

Water pressure inside cells that make up plant skeleton, keeps it from wilting

A

Turgor

25
Q

Flat, disc-shaped bodies within the chloroplasts

Arrange themselves in rows

A

Grana

26
Q

Weight (%) of water in foliage plant

A

85%

27
Q
  • Helps in plant’s vegetative and reproductive stages
  • stems, leaves, growth
  • most important element lacking in soil
  • 10

* best applied with combination of ammonium and nitrate

A

Nitrogen (N)

28
Q
  • essential to all plant growth functions
  • hastens maturity and stiffens tissues
  • best in liquid form
A

Phosphorous (P)

29
Q
  • maintains plant vigor
  • increase resistance to disease
  • more difficult to leach
A

Potassium (K)

30
Q
  • integral component of cell walls
  • needed in new tissue
  • forms: lime, dolomite - corrects acidic soils
A

Calcium (Ca)

31
Q
  • comprises nucleus of chlorophyll
  • respiration, Nitrogen assimilation

* smol amounts onli

A

Magnesium (Mg)

32
Q
  • absence causes chlorosis (pale and yellow leaves)

* amino acids, proteins, oils

A

Sulfur (S)

33
Q
  • gives green color to leaves (nucleus of protochlorophyll)
  • best in chelated form (combined w others)
  • catalyst for ongoing chemical reactions
A

Iron (Fe)

34
Q
  • dependent on bacterial action to release nutrients
  • slow-acting type of fertilizer
  • types: blood, bone meal, manure, sludge
A

Organic Fertilizer

35
Q

Process of multiplying / increasing number of plants of the same species and at the same time

A

Plant Propagation

36
Q
  • type of propagation

* most economical and fastest

A

Sexual Propagation

37
Q
  • Type of plant propagation

* Development of new plant (natural or artificial) without the use of seeds

A

Asexual Propagation

38
Q
  • Type of asexual propagation
  • plant multiplication by means of the growing parts (crown, suckers, tubers, root stock, corms, rhizomes, etc
  • i.e. gabi, sweet potato, strawberry, pineapple, garlic
A

Vegetative / Natural Propagation

39
Q
  • Type of asexual propagation
  • multiplication by use of parts and buds from mother plant
  • methods: cuttings, layering, marcotting, grafting, budding and inarching
  • i.e. ornamentals, grapes, black pepper, fruit trees
A

Artificial Propagation

40
Q

Propagation starting from very small plants grown aseptically in test tubes or other containers

A

Aseptic Micropropagation

41
Q
  • Type of asexual propagation

* detached portion from mother plant (1/3 to 1/2 length) is inserted in soil

A

Cutting

42
Q
  • type of asexual propagation
  • inducing branch / twigs to produce roots while still attached to parent plant
  • cambium layer scraped off
  • wrapped with moist sphagnum moss
A

Marcotting / Air Layering

43
Q
  • type of asexual propagation
  • joining rootstock and scion until permanent union
  • whip and tongue method is most ideal
A

Grafting

44
Q
  • plant propagation method of inserting a single bud from a desirable plant into an opening in the bark of a compatible rootstock
  • types: shield (citrus) and patch (fruit trees with thick bark)
A

Budding

45
Q
  • plant propagation method of bending a branch and submerging it into the soil
  • also suitable for fast-growing vines
A

Layering

46
Q
  • plant propagation method of dividing underground stems or new shoots
  • can be used in rhizomes, tubers, palms, clumps of daisies, or suckers
A

Separation

47
Q

Type of fertilizer
- aids soil aeration and drainage
- reduces compaction
- used when soil is needed to dry out completely before watering (i.e. cactus)

A

Perlite

48
Q

Type of fertilizer
- absorbs water for plants that require damp soil
- good for seed starting
- can cause root rot (less oxygen for plants)

A

Vermiculite

49
Q

A long, stick-like tool used to make holes for seeds and seedlings to make sure they’re sufficiently buried in the soil without damage

A

Dibber

50
Q

Garden tool smaller than a shovel; used for breaking up earth, digging holes, etc.

A

Trowel

51
Q

Plant Family

  • flowering
  • common house plants
  • perennials, evergreen
  • heart / arrow leaves
  • toxic
  • alocasia, monstera, peace lily, ivy
A

Araceae

52
Q

Plant Family

  • hollow stems
  • parallel veins
  • leaves weapped around stems
  • capitate (flowers shaped like a head/ located at the end of stems)
  • grass, corn, wheat, oats
A

Poaceae

Grasses

53
Q

Plant Family

  • flowering
  • edible
  • okra, durian, hibiscus, cotton tree
A

Malvaceae

54
Q

Plant Family

  • disk florets
  • sunflowers, daisies, chrysantemums, dandelions
A

Asteraceae

Sunflower Family

55
Q

Plant Family

  • agricultural
  • beans, peas, peanuts, lentils
A

Fabaceae

Peas / Legumes

56
Q

Plant Family

  • edible (veggies) or toxic
  • eggplant, tomato, potato, capsicum
A

Solanaceae

Nightshade

LALE (9 decks)

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