146 Final - Wrong Views

Question 1

The Prisoners’ Dilemma

Answer 1

Individual decision makers always have an incentive to choose in a way that creates a less than optimal outcome for the individuals as a group.

Question 2

N-person Prisoners’ Dilemma

Answer 2

Each Member of a group can take a small benefit (betray) or provide lots of benefits for the group (cooperate). (usually more than 2 people).

Question 3

The Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 3

Situation where there is a shared resource owned by a group and each individually would be better off if they took all of it , but the group would be better if they shared it wisely.

Question 4

Psychological Egoism

Answer 4

Humans are always motivated by self-interest, even when their actions appear altruistic.

Question 5

Motivational Realism

Answer 5

Most people are pretty selfish majority of the time.

Question 6

Prosocial Punishment

Answer 6

Accept costs in order to punish someone who is hurting people that have nothing to do with you.

Question 7

Kin Selection

Answer 7

Engage in self-sacrificial action to ensure that your genes live on (goes against psychological egoism).

Question 8

Reciprocal Altruism

Answer 8

Someone would help me out if they believe I would help them out if needed in the future.

Question 9

Child About to Fall in Well (Mencius)

Answer 9

The man is not thinking about selfish reasons why he should help the child, first reaction is one of genuine care.

Question 10

Moral Isolationism

Answer 10

We as people shouldn’t judge other cultures.

Question 11

Two Varieties of Moral Relativism

Answer 11

Individual and Cultural

Question 12

Individual Moral Relativism

Answer 12

Whatever you believe is morally right is morally right for you, based upon personal opinion.

Question 13

Cultural Moral Relativism

Answer 13

Culture decides what is morally acceptable.

Question 14

The Argument from Disagreement

Answer 14

1. Moral disagreements are often persistent and intractable (You can explain but the other person may not agree and listen).
2. The best explanation for (1) is that there is no objective truth.
3. There is no objective moral truth

Question 15

Arguments Against Cultural Relativism

Answer 15

1. Can’t count cultures.
2. No such thing as a moral progress
3. Reformers are never right - until they win.
4. Repeated moral flip-flops due to majority rule.
5. Midgley’s critique of moral isolationism.
6. Shaw’s critique of Moral vs Cultural Relativism.
7. Against Individual Relativism.