1.4.4 motivational theories Flashcards
Who are the 4 theorists?
Taylor, Maslow, Herzberg, Mayo
What is the name of Taylors theory?
Scientific management theory
What does Taylors theory focus on?
Focuses on breaking down complex tasks into simpler ones and using incentives such as piece rate pay and bonuses to motivate employees
How is efficiency maximised in Taylors theory?
Standardise work processes, carefully select workers based on their skills and abilities, provide workers with clear instructions and training
Advantages of Taylors theory-
- Increased efficiency= reduced costs
- Standardised procedures= reduced error and inconsistencies
- Improved training= better performance and job satisfaction
- Specialisation of labour= greater efficiency and productivity
Disadvantages of Taylors theory-
- Overemphasis on efficiency= reduces worker creativity and satisfaction
- Workers may disengage from work if they are reduced to working in a machine-like-system
- Limited applicability= may not suit roles that require high levels of problem solving/ interpersonal skills
What is the name of Mayos theory?
Human relations theory
What does Mayos theory focus on?
Focuses on the importance of social factors in the workplace
What does Mayos theory suggest the key is to improving productivity and job satisfaction?
Understanding and improving relationships between workers, supervisors and management
How can Mayos theory be applied to a business?
- Empowering employees in decision making
- Team building activities
- Providing feedback and recognition to employees
- Creating a positive work environment
- Encouraging employee development
Advantages of Mayos theory-
- Improved job satisfaction
- Increased productivity as workers feel valued and supported
- Better communication as workers value honest + open communication which reduces misunderstandings and conflict
- Stronger teams due to sense of community and team spirit
Disadvantages of Mayos theory-
- Time consuming as building positive relationships requires time and effort
- Lack of control as workers make more decisions
- Potential for conflict as attempts to build stronger relationships may cause disagreements
What is the name of Maslows theory?
Hierarchy of needs
What does Maslows theory outline?
Outlines the 5 tiers of human needs that must be met for individuals to reach their full potential
Name Maslows 5 tiers from top to bottom-
Self actualisation, esteem, love/ belonging, safety, physiological
What are physiological needs and examples in Maslows theory?
Providing necessities to employees such as comfortable work environment, access to clean water and food, adequate rest breaks
Examples of safety needs in Maslows theory-
Job security, fair pay, benefits, safe working conditions
Examples of love and belonging needs in Maslows theory-
Encouragement of team work, sense of community within workplace
Examples of esteem needs in Maslows theory-
Recognition for employees accomplishments, positive work culture that values individual contributions
How can a business help an employee achieve self actualisation in Maslows theory?
By offering opportunities for employees to persue their passions and interests
Advantages of Maslows theory-
- Increased employee satisfaction due to meeting their needs
- Decreased turnover rates
- Increased motivation due to offering incentives that align with employees specific needs and desires
- Improved employee performance due to employees feeling valued and supported
Disadvantages of Maslows theory-
- Business must taylor their approach in order to meet individual needs
- Time consuming= effort required from management to connect individually to understand opportunities for personal growth
What is the name of Herzbergs theory?
Two factor theory
What does Herzbergs theory focus on?
Focuses on the 2 types of factors that affect employee motivation and job satisfaction
What are the 2 types of factors in Herzbergs theory?
Hygiene factors and motivators
What are hygiene factors in Herzbergs theory and the 5 examples?
Elements that do not necessarily lead to job satisfaction but their absence can cause dissatisfaction
1- Company policy
2- Supervision
3- Pay
4- Interpersonal relations
5- Working conditions
What are motivators in Herzbergs theory and the 5 examples?
Elements that lead to job satisfaction and motivation
1- Achievement
2- Recognition
3- Interesting work
4- Responsibility
5- Advancement
Advantages of Herzbergs theory-
- Direct focus on employee motivation
- Companies can solve problems faced by employees
Disadvantages of Herzbergs theory-
- Assumes everyone seeks motivators
- People have different desires, wants, needs
- Job productivity is not directly linked with job satisfaction
