1.4.4 Motivation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Willingness to work + achieve a goal/ target

Question 2

Frederick Taylor

Answer 2

Theory based on work study + improving productivity + efficiency of the workforce

+ focus on efficiency + improved competitiveness
+ people r motivated solely by money
+ application of Taylor’s principles reduces the need for as many workers as productivity is raised

Question 3

Elton Mayo

Answer 3

Theory based on fact that employees have social needs + these must be fulfilled through their work
+ not motivated by financial incentives
+ efficiency can be achieved through team working
+ focus is on need of employees rather than needs of organisation

Question 4

Abraham Maslow

Answer 4

Focuses on psychological aspect of motivation + the fact that motivation comes from within an individual
+ people r driven to achieve personal needs
+ Maslow identified 5 levels
Self-actualisation
Self-esteem
Love + belonging
Safety + security
Psychological needs (basic needs)
+ cannot move up hierarchy without achieving bottom ones
+ businesses can motivate workers by gibing opp to satisfy these needs

Question 5

Frederick Herzberg

Answer 5

Two factor theory - hygiene + motivation

Question 6

Factors leading to dissatisfaction (hygiene) Maslow

Answer 6

-poor pay
-lack of promotions
-poor work conditions

Question 7

Factors leading to satisfaction

Answer 7

-good leadership practises
-personal growth
-clear direction + support
-good manager relationship

Question 8

Commission + ads + disads

Answer 8

A bonus paid based on achieveing a sales target
+ appropriate for sales jobs
- focus taken away from customer service

Question 9

Piecework + ads + disads

Answer 9

Payment based on number of units of output produced
+ appropriate for production jobs
- employees may ignore quality factors

Question 10

PRP performance related pay + ads + disads

Answer 10

a salary scheme linked to performance
+ encourages review of employee peformance
- difficult to ensure PRP is fair across the org
Financial

Question 11

Profit sharing

Answer 11

Distributing a percentage of net profit across workforce
+ reward linked to overall success of company
- depends on profitability of business
Financial

Question 12

Delegation/empowerment

Answer 12

Giving employees autonomy + power to influence business decisions
+ employees feel involved have the ability to make own decisions
- may slow down decision-making + consistency
Non financial

Question 13

Team working

Answer 13

Organising workforce into teams
+ meets employees social needs
- individual performance is harder to identify
Non financial

Question 14

Flexible working

Answer 14

Adopting flexible contracts that don’t require usual working times 9-5
+ employees can fit work around personal life
- difficult to keep control of employees + ensure they r being productive
Non financial

Question 15

Job rotation/enrichment

Answer 15

Encouraging employees to work across range of roles (new areas = nw skills)
+ employees r motivated though variety
- can be disruptive + unproductive
Non financial