14.3 Internal Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Define internal energy

A

The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of atoms or molecules within a substance

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2
Q

Does frozen water have 0 internal energy

A

No, the kinetic energy is 0 however the molecules still have electrostatic potential energy stored between the particles

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3
Q

At 0 K is the potential energies of the molecules 0

A

No you cannot reduce the potential energy of the substance to 0 even at 0k

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4
Q

When changing state does a substances internal energy change

A

Yes, the kinetic energy nor temperature doesn’t change yet the internal energy does significantly

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5
Q

State the potential energies within gases

A

0, negligible forces between atoms/molecules

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6
Q

State the potential energies within liquids

A

Electrostatic forces give the electrostatic potential energies a negative value meaning that energy needs to be supplied to break the atomic/molecular bonds

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7
Q

State the potential energies within solids

A

Electrostatic forces between atoms/molecules are large so electrostatic potential energy has large negative value = lots of energy required to break

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