14295B HM manual chapter 23 Medical Aspects of chemical biological and radiological warfare Flashcards
During what conflict did the first large scale use of chemical agents happen
WW1
Lethal agents are those that result in what percent of greater death rate among casualties?
10
what is the most widely used method of detecting liquid chemical warfare agents
M9 paper
what chemical agent detector kit is a portable kit that detects nerve gas mustard gas and cyanide
M256A1
How many Mission oriented protective posture (MOPP) levels are there
FIVE
A chemical agent on the skin can be removed effectively by using what skin decontamination kit
M291
What agents are of the greatest concern as compared to all chemical agents
nerve
Decontamination of chemical agents on the skin within 1 minute after contamination is perhaps how many times more effective than if decontamination is delayed 5 minutes
10 times
what can be used to remove the nerve agent from the enzyme acetylcholinesterase within the synaptic cleft(the space between the nerve cells)
2-PAM CL
What is a single auto injector that has two chambers that deliver 2.1 mg of atropine and 600 mg of 2- Pam Cl in a single injection.
ATNAA
What agents exert their primary action on the skin, producing large and painful listers that are incapacitating
vesicants
what is the most vulnerable part of the body to mustard gas
eyes
what type of agents basic physical actions disrupt oxygen utilization at the cellular level causing cellular suuication?
Blood
How many hours dose it usually take for cyanides to dissipate
24 hrs
what agents damage the membranes in the lungs that separate the alveolar tissue resulting in fluid from the blood known as plasma to leak into the alveoli and fill them with fluid
Pulmonary
what colorless gas has a distinctive odor similar to that of new mown hay or freshly cut grass
phosgene
what are essentially local irritants that act primarily on the eyes
lacrimators
the initial management of casualty contaminated by chemical agents will require removal of MOPP and decontamination with what percent hypochlorite before treatment
0.5%
how many different types of biological agents used as weapons are there
three
what are single celled organisms called that are capable of causing a variety of disease in animals,plants and humans
bactiria
What is the name of AC and what type of agent is it
Hydrogen Cyanide/Blood Agent
What is the name of CK and what type of agent is it
Cyanogen Chloride/Blood Agent
What is the name of CG and what type of agent is it
Phosgene/Pulmonary Agent
What it the name of Ci and what type of agent is it
Pulmonary agent/Chlorine
What is the name of CN and what type of agent is it
MACE/Riot control
What is the name of CR and what type of agent is it
Dibenoxazepine/Riot control
what is the name of CS and what type of agent is it
2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile/Riot control
what is the name of CX and what type of agent is it
Phosgene Oxime/ Blister agent
what is the name of DP and what type of agent is it
Diphosgene/Pulmonary agent
what is the name of DM and what type of agent is it
Adamsite/Riot control
What is the name of GA and what type of agent is it
Tabun/Nerve agent
What is the name of GB and what type of agent is it
Sarin/nerve agent
What is the name of GD and what type of agent is it
Soman/Nerve agent
what is the name of GF and what type of agent is it
Cyclosarin/Nerve agent
What is the name of H and what type of agent is it
Mustard/Blister agent
what is the name of HD and what type of agent is it
Distilled Mustard/Blister agent
What is the name of HN and what type of agent is it
Nitrogen Mustard/Blister agent
What is the name of L and what type of agent is it
Lewisite/Blister agent
What is the name of OC and what type of agent is it
Riot agent/oleoresin Capsicum
What is the name of VX and what type of agent is it
S-2-(diisoprropylamino)ethyl o-ethyl methylphosponothioate/ Nerve agent
what are intracellular parasites that lack a system for their own metabolism called
Viruses
with recent advances in diagnostic testing biological agents can be detected in the field. a first line presumptive test is the hand held assay panel that can make and indication of the presence of several biological agents within how many minutes
15
what is the disease caused by the bacterium bacillus anthraxis
anthrax
how many types of anthrax are in humans
three
the average is from 1 to 7 days, although incubation periods of up to how many days can be possible for anthrax
60
about what percent of untreated cases of cutaneous anthrax will result in death
20%
in what percent of cases will death result from intestinal anthrax in
25-60%
what are the primary treatment requirements for anthrax
antibiotics
what is an infectious disease that affects animals and humans that is caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis
plage
what is the most common from of plage
bubonic
what is the most toxic substance known that is 10-15,000 times more toxic than VX nerve agent by weight?
botulinum
what is derived from the beans of the castor plant and can be made from the waste material left over from processing castor beans and is a potent toxin that has potential to e used as an agent of biological warfare and as a weapon of mass destruction?
ricin
what is a serious contagious and sometimes fatal infectious disease caused by the variola virus that emerged in human populations thousands of years ago
small pox
What is the most common form of small pox
variola major
how many days after exposure to the virus do symptoms of smallpox infection usually appear wintin
10-12 days
it may lessen the severity of illness or even prevent illness it a person infected with smallpox gets the smallpox vaccine within how many days after exposure to the virus
4
viral hemorrahagic fevers refer to a group of illnesses that are caused by how many distinct families of viruses
four
what is the only approved VHF vaccination
yellow fever
the first use of an atomic weapon during war took place during what conflict
WW2
what is any device called that causes the purposeful dissemination of radioactive material across an area without a nuclear detonation
RDD Dirty bomb
what may be defined as the spontaneous and instantaneous decomposition of the nucleus of an unstable atom with accompanying emission of a particle, a gamma ray or both
radioactivity
when radiation interacts with atoms, energy is deposited,resolution in what
ionization
what are heavy,very short-range particles that are not able to penetrate clothing or human skin
alpha
what is a light ,short range particle that is actually an ejected electron
bata radiation
compared to gamma rays, neutrons can cause how many times grater damage to tissue
20 times
what is used to measure a quantity of absorbed dose of radiation
RAD
the roentgen equivalent man (REM) along with what else are two other units that may be used to express radiation units
sievert
what is used to perform ground radiological surveys in vehicles or in dismounted mode by individuals personnel as a handheld insterment
AN/VDR2
what is a compact handheld or pocket carried tactical device that can measure prom gamma/neutron doses from a nuclear event
AN/UDR 13
what is a multi range radical device that detects beta and gamma radiation
AN/PDQ-1
what is an essential component in preventing reducing radiation exposure
shielding
what is the most effective wielding material in preventing/reducing radiation exposure
lead
what is an acute illness caused by irradiation of he body by high doses of penetration radiation in a very short period of time usually a matter of minutes
ARS
what is a medical condition caused by long term exposure to low doses radiation
chronic radiation syndrome CRS
