14.2 Functional Group Chemistry Flashcards
What type of carbon bonds do compounds in the alkane group have?
only single carbon bonds
What is the alkane group?
A homologous series of hydrocarbon compounds with only single carbon bonds, there are no C=C bonds present
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What type of hydrocarbons are alkanes?
Alkanes are classified as saturated hydrocarbons
What does it mean if an alkane is saturated?
all the carbon bonds in alkanes are single bonds
What colour are alkanes?
They are colourless compounds
What changes across the alkane group?
have a gradual change in their physical properties as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases
Are alkanes reactive?
Alkanes are generally unreactive compounds
What reactions can alkanes undergo? (3)
- they undergo combustion reactions
- can be cracked into smaller molecules
- react with halogens in the presence of light
What fossil fuel is an alkane?
Methane is an alkane and is the major component of natural gas
What are the first 3 alkanes?
methane
ethane
propane
What is a substitution reaction?
In a substitution reaction, one atom is swapped with another atom
With what group do alkanes react with in a substitution reaction?
Alkanes undergo a substitution reaction with halogens
What condition must be present for a substitution reaction between halogens and alkanes to occur?
the presence of ultraviolet radiation
Word equation for methane and bromine
Methane + Bromine → Bromomethane + Hydrogen Bromide
Chemical Equation for methane and bromine
CH4 + Br2 → CH3Br + HBr
What is the alkene group?
A homologous series of hydrocarbon compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds (C = C)
What is the general formula for the alkene group?
CnH2n
What chemical characteristic do ALL alkenes have?
All alkenes contain a double carbon bond, which is shown as two lines between two of the carbon atoms
What is the double carbon bond present in alkenes known as?
This is the alkene functional group and is what allows alkenes to react in ways that alkanes cannot
What type of hydrocarbons are alkenes?
Compounds that have a C=C double bond are also called unsaturated compounds
Why is catalytic cracking used?
Although there is use for each fraction obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil, the amount of longer chain hydrocarbons produced is far greater than needed
What is converted into what during catalytic cracking?
A process called catalytic cracking is used to convert longer-chain molecules into short-chain and more useful hydrocarbons
What is a product of cracking alkenes?
Alkenes and hydrogen are produced from the cracking of alkanes