1402/175.302 MAN Distance

Question 1

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of stigma?
   1) A label applied to a group of people that distinguishes them from others.
   2) A label applied to a group of people that breaks the law.
   3) The label is linked to deviant or undesirable attributes by society.
   4) People with the label face unfair discrimination.

Answer 1

2) A label applied to a group of people that breaks the law.

Question 2

2. The DSM-5’s definition of “mental disorder” involves all of the following criteria
   EXCEPT:
   1) It occurs within multiple individuals.
   2) It involves dysfunction.
   3) It is not primarily a result of social deviance.
   4) It is not a culturally specific reaction to an event.

Answer 2

1) It occurs within multiple individuals.

Question 3

3. Which of the following is true about ECT?
   1) It is used today to effectively treat patients with severe depression.
   2) Today it is primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy.
   3) It destroys the tracts connecting the frontal lobes to the lower centers of the
   brain.
   4) ECT practices ceased to exist after the introduction of the lobotomy.

Answer 3

1) It is used today to effectively treat patients with severe depression.

Question 4

4. Anne experienced extreme pain at the dentist as a child. Now, she goes to a
   different dentist, but feels her heart race when she arrives, and goes down when she leaves. Her heart racing whenever she goes to the dentist is due to
   __________, and the calming feeling when she leaves is due to __________.
   1) classical conditioning, operant conditioning.
   2) operant conditioning, classical conditioning.
   3) operant conditioning, meditational learning.
   4) operant conditioning, modeling.

Answer 4

1) classical conditioning, operant conditioning.

Question 5

5. Contemporary views on genetic and environmental factors in behaviour emphasise that
   1) genes are important for only some behaviours.
   2) a good environment can overcome genetic limitations.
   3) both factors influence each other.
   4) the percentage of genetic influence on a behaviour can be measured.

Answer 5

3) both factors influence each other.

Question 6

6. Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT mentioned in the text as being implicated in psychopathology?
   1) GABA
   2) Dopamine
   3) Serotonin
   4) All of the above are mentioned

Answer 6

4) All of the above are mentioned

Question 7

7. A distinctive facet of the cognitive behavioural paradigm is that thoughts
   1) are a result of feelings.
   2) are a direct result of past experiences.
   3) are less important than behaviours.
   4) cause feelings.

Answer 7

4) cause feelings.

Question 8

8. Interpersonal therapy emphasizes the importance of __________ and how problems in these relationships contribute to psychological symptoms.
   1) past relationships
   2) current relationships
   3) future relationships
   4) both a and b

Answer 8

2) current relationships

Question 9

9. If a diagnosis helps clinicians make good predictions and informs them of the likely course of the disorder, psychologists would say that the diagnosis has
   1) interrater reliability.
   2) construct validity.
   3) test validity.
   4) internal consistency.

Answer 9

4) internal consistency.

Question 10

10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
    1) Culture can have a large influence on which symptoms of a given disorder are
    expressed.
    2) For most diagnoses in the DSM-5, it is advised not to consider cultural context.
    3) All symptoms of psychiatric disorders manifest themselves in similar ways across
    cultures.
    4) The DSM-II was the first edition of the DSM to consider cultural and ethnic
    variations in psychopathology.

Answer 10

1) Culture can have a large influence on which symptoms of a given disorder are
expressed.

Question 11

11. Which of the following are designed to measure behavioural disturbances resulting from brain dysfunction?
    1) Brain imaging techniques
    2) Electrocardiograms
    3) Neuropsychological tests
    4) Neurotransmitter assessment

Answer 11

1) Brain imaging techniques

Question 12

12. Which of these diagnoses is not included in the DSM-5?
    1) mixed anxiety depressive disorder
    2) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
    3) premenstrual dysphoric disorder
    4) somatic symptom disorder

Answer 12

1) mixed anxiety depressive disorder

Question 13

13. Dr. Bradley has been conducting a case study of Brenda P., a woman with dissociative identity disorder. Which of the following statements by Dr. Bradley is a misuse of the case study method?
    1) “Brenda, a woman with dissociative identity disorder, was sexually abused as a
    child. Therefore, all individuals with multiple personality disorder must have been abuse victims.”
    2) “Since Brenda was not sexually abused, the theory that all dissociation is caused
    by sexual abuse may not be universally true.”
    3) “Brenda was sexually molested as a child. This leads me to hypothesize that
    perhaps other individuals with dissociative identity disorder were molested as children.”
    4) All of the above are examples of inappropriate uses of the case study.

Answer 13

1) “Brenda, a woman with dissociative identity disorder, was sexually abused as a
child. Therefore, all individuals with multiple personality disorder must have been abuse victims.”

Question 14

14. Correlational data would allow one to make which of the following statements?
    1) “Depression causes weight gain.”
    2) “Weight gain causes people to become depressed.”
    3) “Depression is associated with higher weight.”
    4) “Lack of social support is the root of both depression and weight gain.”

Answer 14

3) “Depression is associated with higher weight.”

Question 15

15. “About 2% of adults have obsessive-compulsive disorder.” This is a statement about the __________ of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
    1) incidence
    2) prevalence
    3) risk factor
    4) correlation coefficient

Answer 15

2) prevalence

Question 16

16. The single subject ABAB design cannot be used to study behaviours that
    1) are not prevalent in the population.
    2) do not return to baseline.
    3) are highly reactive.
    4) have highly heritable components.

Answer 16

2) do not return to baseline.

Question 17

17. Sarah reported feeling a lack of energy, difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, and a loss of interest in activities she previously enjoyed. Based on this information, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for Sarah?
    1) Eating disorder
    2) Major depressive disorder
    3) Bipolar disorder
    4) Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 17

2) Major depressive disorder

Question 18

18. Which of the following symptoms are indicative of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, according to the DSM-5?
    1) Severe recurrent temper outbursts
    2) Swings in mood from extreme highs to extreme lows
    3) Persistent negative mood
    4) Both temper outbursts and a persistent negative mood

Answer 18

4) Both temper outbursts and a persistent negative mood

Question 19

19. To be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, a person
    1) must be currently experiencing manic symptoms.
    2) must have experienced hypomanic symptoms as well as depressive
    symptoms at some point in their lifetime.
    3) must have had at least one episode of mania at some point in their lifetime.
    4) must have experienced at least one depressive episode.

Answer 19

3) must have had at least one episode of mania at some point in their lifetime.

Question 20

20. In interpersonal psychotherapy, the focus of treatment is on examining
    1) how the past is influencing the present.
    2) cognitive biases in relationships.
    3) current behaviours and how they interfere with relationships.
    4) major interpersonal problems in current relationships.

Answer 20

4) major interpersonal problems in current relationships.

Question 21

21. Jenny began to have sudden attacks of anxiety and dread and thus began to avoid public situations. Which disorder did Jenny likely have?
    1) Panic disorder
    2) Mood disorder
    3) Specific phobic disorder
    4) Avoidance disorder

Answer 21

1) Panic disorder

Question 22

22. The difference between anxiety and fear is that
    1) anxiety is a response to immediate danger, while fear is defined as
    apprehension over an anticipated problem.
    2) anxiety is immediate and fear is anticipated.
    3) anxiety is apprehension over an anticipated problem, while fear is defined
    as a response to immediate danger.
    4) anxiety is always adaptive, whereas fear is not.

Answer 22

3) anxiety is apprehension over an anticipated problem, while fear is defined
as a response to immediate danger.

Question 23

23. Matt is fearful of interactions with others and avoids eating in public. Matt most likely has
    1) specific phobia.
    2) panic disorder with agoraphobia.
    3) social anxiety disorder.
    4) paranoia.

Answer 23

3) social anxiety disorder.

Question 24

24. Which of the following is a prominent behavioural technique for the treatment of GAD?
    1) cognitive restructuring.
    2) imaginal exposure.
    3) relaxation training.
    4) SSRIs.

Answer 24

3) relaxation training.

Question 25

25. How is body dysmorphic disorder similar to OCD?
    1) both engage in compulsive behaviours
    2) both have obsessive preoccupations
    3) both spend inordinate amounts of time on their obsessions
    4) all of the above

Answer 25

4) all of the above

Question 26

26. Behavioural models consider compulsions to be
    1) classically conditioned responses.
    2) operantly conditioned responses.
    3) a result of suppressed obsessions.
    4) related to deficient locus coeruleus activity.

Answer 26

2) operantly conditioned responses.

Question 27

27. The most widely used psychological treatment for OCD related disorders is
    1) interpersonal psychotherapy.
    2) psychoanalysis.
    3) exposure and response prevention.
    4) operant conditioning.

Answer 27

3) exposure and response prevention.

Question 28

28. The two-factor model of conditioning for PTSD involves classical conditioning and
    1) operant conditioning.
    2) socialisation
    3) a neutral stimulus.
    4) modelling.

Answer 28

1) operant conditioning.

Question 29

29. Dissociative disorders share
    1) obsessive thoughts.
    2) an alteration in consciousness or identity.
    3) an inability to distinguish reality from fantasy.
    4) physical symptoms with no physiological basis.

Answer 29

2) an alteration in consciousness or identity.

Question 30

30. The prognosis for dissociative amnesia usually involves a __________ remission with __________ recovery.
    1) gradual; complete
    2) gradual; partial
    3) sudden; complete
    4) sudden; partial

Answer 30

3) sudden; complete

Question 31

31. The two major theories of DID are
    1) post-traumatic and sociocognitive.
    2) post-traumatic and psychoanalytic.
    3) behavioural and psychoanalytic.
    4) post-traumatic and cognitive-behavioural.

Answer 31

1) post-traumatic and sociocognitive.

Question 32

32. Lucy complained of paralysis in her leg that made it impossible for her to work or do household chores. When in the emergency room, she appeared unconcerned with her ailment and discussed it at great length. She even invited people to come and poke her leg to show that she experienced no sensations. She would most likely be diagnosed with
    1) somatic symptom disorder.
    2) conversion disorder.
    3) malingering.
    4) illness anxiety disorder.

Answer 32

3) malingering.

Question 33

33. Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by disturbances in
    1) thought.
    2) emotion.
    3) behaviour.
    4) all of the above.

Answer 33

4) all of the above.

Question 34

34. Schizophrenia usually appears in
    1) early childhood.
    2) middle or late childhood.
    3) adolescence or early adulthood.
    4) late adulthood.

Answer 34

3) adolescence or early adulthood.

Question 35

35. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEPT:
    1) hallucinations.
    2) delusions.
    3) excesses and distortions.
    4) sociality

Answer 35

4) sociality

Question 36

36. The traditional drugs for treating schizophrenia
    1) enable schizophrenics to adjust to hospital life.
    2) commonly produce depressive side-effects.
    3) generally only reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
    4) are effective with less than half of schizophrenics.

Answer 36

3) generally only reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 37

37. The DSM-5 refers to the pathological use of substances as
    1) substance abuse.
    2) substance dependence.
    3) substance use disorder.
    4) none of the above.

Answer 37

3) substance use disorder.

Question 38

38. Amy drinks frequently and requires more alcohol now than she did six months ago to achieve the same effect. She reports that she can out-drink most people. Amy is probably
    1) genetically predisposed to alcoholism.
    2) developing a physiological dependence on alcohol.
    3) acquiring behavioural skills in modulating her drinking.
    4) deluding herself. This is not physically possible.

Answer 38

2) developing a physiological dependence on alcohol.

Question 39

39. Studies on the effects of smoking marijuana on the brain have shown that it is associated with
    1) impaired short-term memory and increased blood flow to brain regions associated with emotion.
    2) impaired long-term memory and decreased blood flow to brain regions associated with emotion.
    3) impaired short-term memory and increased blood flow to brain regions associated with attention.
    4) impaired long-term memory and decreased blood flow to brain regions associated with attention.

Answer 39

1) impaired short-term memory and increased blood flow to brain regions associated with emotion.

Question 40

40. Research on the genetic contribution of drug abuse has shown that
    1) genetic risk factors are stronger for “hard” drugs, such as stimulants and hallucinogens.
    2) genetic risk factors appear to be the same no matter what the drug.
    3) genetic risk is strongest for alcohol.
    4) only marijuana use has been shown to be unrelated to genetic risk.

Answer 40

2) genetic risk factors appear to be the same no matter what the drug.

Question 41

41. Most people with anorexia nervosa
    1) lose their appetite
    2) lose their interest in food
    3) lose both their appetite and interest in food
    4) do not lose their appetite or interest in food

Answer 41

4) do not lose their appetite or interest in food

Question 42

42. Prior to the onset of bulimia, sufferers often
    1) have anorexia nervosa.
    2) are overweight and dieting.
    3) have attempted suicide.
    4) have higher than normal levels of serotonin.

Answer 42

2) are overweight and dieting.

Question 43

43. Recent studies on cognitive-behavioural factors involved in bulimia nervosa have shown that bingeing and purging may function as means of
    1) relieving stress and negative affect.
    2) increasing energy and thus mood.
    3) feeling in control of the situation.
    4) distracting oneself from inner pain.

Answer 43

3) feeling in control of the situation.

Question 44

44. Which of the following has been shown to reliably lead to long-term maintenance of weight gain in treating anorexia?
    1) cognitive-behavioural therapy
    2) family therapy
    3) psychodynamic therapy
    4) none of the above has been shown to reliably lead to long-term
    maintenance of weight gain

Answer 44

4) none of the above has been shown to reliably lead to long-term
maintenance of weight gain

Question 45

45. Which of the following is NOT a subcategory of paraphilia in the DSM-5?
    1) fetishistic disorder
    2) sexual arousal disorder
    3) transvestic disorder
    4) exhibitionistic disorder

Answer 45

2) sexual arousal disorder

Question 46

46. In the human sexual response cycle, what is the name of the phase in which blood flows to the genitalia and pleasurable sensations build?
    1) desire
    2) excitement
    3) orgasm
    4) anticipatory

Answer 46

2) excitement

Question 47

47. For women with sexual dysfunctions in the context of marital relationship distress, which of the following has been found to improve many aspects of sexual functioning?
    1) SSRI medications
    2) behavioural marital couple’s therapy
    3) anti-anxiety medications
    4) psychoanalysis

Answer 47

2) behavioural marital couple’s therapy

Question 48

49. Externalizing disorders include all of the following EXCEPT
    1) ADHD
    2) noncompliance
    3) conduct disorder
    4) social withdrawal

Answer 48

4) social withdrawal

Question 49

50. As compared to developmentally normal levels of hyperactivity, diagnosable hyperactivity
    1) impairs the child’s functioning.
    2) negatively affects the child’s ability to mature appropriately.
    3) is treatable only with medication.
    4) all of the above.

Answer 49

1) impairs the child’s functioning.

Question 50

48. As part of his treatment for committing incest, Sean was trained to experience empathy for his victims. He was likely receiving
    1) object-relations psychodynamic therapy.
    2) behavioural therapy.
    3) cognitive therapy.
    4) family therapy.

Answer 50

3) cognitive therapy.

Question 51

51. Which of the following factors were found to be predictive of conduct disorder in a large-scale research study on children from New Zealand?
    1) being maltreated as children and low birth weight
    2) presence of low MAOA activity
    3) low birth weight and being male
    4) both maltreatment and low MAOA activity

Answer 51

4) both maltreatment and low MAOA activity

Question 52

52. Research on the role of parenting in the etiology of anxiety disorders in youth suggest
    1) parenting is crucial in determining anxiety in children.
    2) over-controlling parenting almost always results in social phobia in children.
    3) parenting practices play a small role in childhood anxiety.
    4) how parents discipline their children has a strong effect on the development of childhood anxiety.

Answer 52

3) parenting practices play a small role in childhood anxiety.

Question 53

53. Social selectivity refers to
    1) cultivating only one’s most important social relationships.
    2) restricting one’s social interactions only to family members.
    3) seeking out new social interactions.
    4) seeking out solitary social activities.

Answer 53

1) cultivating only one’s most important social relationships.

Question 54

54. In what brain areas are abnormalities found in Alzheimer’s patients?
    1) frontal cortex
    2) sensory cortical areas
    3) hippocampus
    4) both 1 and 3

Answer 54

4) both 1 and 3

Question 55

55. Psychological treatments for individuals with Alzheimer’s
    1) focus on helping the individual admit to and understand their cognitive deficiencies and limitations.
    2) are usually psychodynamic.
    3) focus on helping patients and families deal with the effects of the disease.
    4) can remove their memory deficits.

Answer 55

3) focus on helping patients and families deal with the effects of the disease.

Question 56

56. If you are talking to a person with delirium, it may feel like you are talking
    1) to someone who has suffered amnesia.
    2) to a child.
    3) to someone who is depressed.
    4) to someone who is drunk.

Answer 56

4) to someone who is drunk.

Question 57

57. Which of the following DSM personality disorders is more common in males than in females?
    1) antisocial personality disorder
    2) borderline personality disorder
    3) avoidant personality disorder
    4) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Answer 57

1) antisocial personality disorder

Question 58

58. Unusual and eccentric thoughts and behaviour (psychoticism), interpersonal detachment, and suspiciousness are characteristics of the DSM-5’s __________ personality disorder.
    1) schizotypal
    2) narcissistic
    3) avoidant
    4) borderline

Answer 58

1) schizotypal

Question 59

59. What diagnosis would be most appropriate for Anna? She says she would like to meet people but is too afraid of saying something foolish to speak to them. She describes herself as the ultimate social klutz because she never knows what to say or do. As a result, she keeps to herself except for interacting with a few friends she has known since childhood.
    1) schizoid personality disorder
    2) schizotypal personality disorder
    3) avoidant personality disorder
    4) dependent personality disorder

Answer 59

3) avoidant personality disorder

Question 60

60. Individuals with borderline personality disorder are difficult to treat because
    1) their intellectual functioning is too low for them to reach true insights.
    2) they do not feel distressed, despite being so distressing to others.
    3) they have extreme difficulties trusting others, including a therapist.
    4) all of the above.

Answer 60

3) they have extreme difficulties trusting others, including a therapist.