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Question 1

1. Defining mental disorder on the basis of personal distress is problematic for which reason?
   1) High levels of distress and suffering are normal in modern society.
   2) Some mental disorders do not involve personal distress.
   3) It ignores the suffering that family members of disturbed people experience.
   4) It does not apply to physiological disorders.

Answer 1

2) Some mental disorders do not involve personal distress.

Question 2

2. Elizabeth was receiving moral treatment while in an early asylum. Which of the following treatments was she LEAST likely to receive?
   1) medication
   2) physical restraints
   3) purposeful activities
   4) work-related tasks

Answer 2

3) purposeful activities

Question 3

3. The following type of response to behaviour results in an increased probability of the behaviour occurring again.
   1) positive reinforcement
   2) negative reinforcement
   3) extinction
   4) both 1 and 2

Answer 3

1) positive reinforcement

Question 4

4. Contemporary views on genetic and environmental factors in behaviour emphasise that
   1) genes are important for only some behaviours.
   2) a good environment can overcome genetic limitations.
   3) both factors influence each other.
   4) the percentage of genetic influence on a behaviour can be measured.

Answer 4

3) both factors influence each other.

Question 5

5. Which of the following statements is true?
   1) Starting in early adulthood, synaptic connections begin to be
   eliminated.
   2) Connections in the brain become greater as an individual moves
   through adulthood.
   3) Brain development begins in the second trimester.
   4) All of the above.

Answer 5

1) Starting in early adulthood, synaptic connections begin to be
eliminated.

Question 6

6. Behavioural and cognitive theorists differ in their emphasis on
   1) events versus interpretations of events.
   2) feelings versus thoughts.
   3) reinforcement versus free-will.
   4) childhood experiences versus current events.

Answer 6

1) events versus interpretations of events.

Question 7

7. Interpersonal therapy emphasises the importance of __________ and how problems in these relationships contribute to psychological symptoms.
   1) past relationships
   2) current relationships
   3) future relationships
   4) both 1 and 2

Answer 7

2) current relationships

Question 8

8. Culture shapes all of the following EXCEPT:
   1) language used to describe symptoms.
   2) expression of symptoms.
   3) commonness of the symptoms.
   4) etiology of the symptoms.

Answer 8

4) etiology of the symptoms.

Question 9

9. The fact that SSRI’s often relieve symptoms of anxiety as well as depression suggests to some clinicians and researchers that
   1) SSRI’s are inadequate drugs for depression.
   2) anxiety and depression should be part of the same diagnostic category.
   3) anxiety should be treated with anxiolytics.
   4) Axis I and II should be a dimensional diagnostic system.

Answer 9

2) anxiety and depression should be part of the same diagnostic category.