1.4 The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Joint
Where two or more bones meet
Three types of joints
- fibrous or fixed joints
- cartilaginous or slightly moveable joints
- synovial or freely moveable
Bone on top of head
Cranium
Bone at the jaw
Mandible
Bone at the neck
Cervical vertebrae
Bone on collarbone
Clavicle
Bone on shoulder blades
Scapula
sections of vertebrae
come to Leos stinky crib
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
bone on inside of arm
Ulna
Bone on outside of arm
Radius
Bones in hands
phalanges = fingers
metacarpals = in middle
carpals = bottom of hand
Bone at top of arm
Humerus
Bone in middle or ribs
Sternum
Bone at hip
Pelvis
Bone at bottom of hip next to hip flexor
Ischium
Bone at top of leg
femur
Bone at knee
Patella
Main bone in shin
tibia
Smaller bone in shin
fibula
Bone in foot
phalanges = toes
metatarsals = middle of foot
tarsals = top of foot
Bone at top of foot
Talus
How many bones to remember
27
What movement does the ball and socket joint allow ?
movement in every direction
How is a ball and socket joint formed?
the round head of a bone fitting into the cup-shaped capsule of the connecting bone
2 examples of ball and socket joints
hip
shoulder
Articulating bones of the hip
femur
pelvis
Articulating bones of the shoulder
humerus
scapula
Articulating
This refers to the bones that meet and move at the joint
What movement do hinge joints allow ?
movement in only one direction , due to the shape of the bones making up the joint
3 examples of hinge joints
ankle
knee
elbow
Articulating bones of the ankle
talus
tibia
fibula
Articulating bones of the knee
femur and tibia
Articulating bones of the shoulder
humerus
radius
ulna
3 planes of movement
sagittal plane
frontal plane
transverse plane
Sagittal plane
divides the body into right and left halves
Frontal plane
divides the body into front and back halves
Transverse plane
divides the body into upper and lower halves
What planes does a full twisting somersault use ?
all 3
What are the 3 axis of movement ?
transverse axis
sagittal axis
longitudinal axis
Transverse axis
runs from side to side across the body
Sagittal axis
Runs from front to back
Longitudinal axis
Runs from top to bottom
Flexion
decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint
Extension
increasing the angle between the bones of a joint
Plantar-flexion
Pointing the toes/pushing up onto your tip toes
Dorsi-flexion
Pulling the toes up to the shin
Hyper-extension
increasing the angle beyond 180 degrees between the bones of a joint
Planes and axis pairings
- sagittal plane and transverse axis
- frontal plane and sagittal axis
- transverse plane and longitudinal axis
Joint actions taking place in a sagittal plane about a transverse axis
flexion
extension
plantar-flexion
dorsi-flexion
hyper-extension
joint actions taking place in a frontal plane about a sagittal axis
abduction
adduction
joint actions taking place in a transverse plane about a longitudinal axis
Horizontal abduction
horizontal adduction
Acronym for remembering plane and axis parings
Striker ,Fraser Forster , tricky left winger
striker = kicking a ball is flexion and extension
fraser Forster = goalkeepers go left to right (abduction and adduction)
tricky left winger = spinning around the world
What joint action is moving the shoulder forward and backwards when the arm is by the side of the body ?
forward = flexion
backwards = extension
Abduction
movement away from the midline of the body
e.g. raising your arms and legs out to the side away from your body
Adduction
movement towards the midline of the body
e.g. lowering the arms and leg back to the sides of the body
Horizontal adduction
movement of the arm forward across the body at 90 degrees to shoulder abduction
e.g. raise your arm out to the side until it is parallel to the floor (abduction of the shoulder) and then move it across the body
Horizontal abduction
movement of the arm backwards across the body to shoulder abduction
e.g. raise your arm and hold it at 90 degrees ( flexion of the shoulder) , then move it away from the body
Agonist
The muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring
Antagonist
The muscle that works in opposition to the agonist (to help produce a (co-ordianted movement)
