1.4 The muscular skeletal system Flashcards
name and explain the 3 planes of movement
- sagittal plane is a vertical plane allowing the body to move forward and back (extension/flexion)
- frontal plane is also a vertical plane that allows the body to move side to side (abduction/adduction)
- transverse plane horizontal plane allowing for rotation.
name and explain the 3 axis of movement
- transverse axis runs from side to side across the body (extension/flexion)
- sagittal axis runs from front to back (adduction/abduction)
- longitudinal axis runs from the top of the body to the bottom (rotation)
define agonist
the muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring
define antagonist
the muscle that works in opposition to the agonist (to help produce a co-ordinated movement)
state the 3 types of muscle contraction
isotonic :
- concentric
- eccentric
Isometric
what is a concentric contraction
when a muscle shortens under tension
what is an eccentric contraction
when a muscle lengthens under tension or performs negative work and acts like a break
what is an isometric contraction
when a muscle is under tension but there is no visible movement
what are the 2 types of joints
- ball and socket which allows for movement in all directions
- hinge joint which allows for movement in just one direction
what is the agonist and antagonist muscles during elbow flexion
ag- bicep
ant- tricep
what is the agonist and antagonist muscles during elbow extension
ag- trceps
ant- biceps
what is the agonist and antagonist muscles during ankle plantar flexion
ag- gastrocnemius
ant- tibialis anterior
what is the agonist and antagonist muscles during ankle dorsi flexion
ag- tibialis anterior
ant- gastrocnemius
what is the agonist and antagonist muscles during knee flexion
ag- hamstrings
ant- quadraceps
what is the agonist and antagonist muscles during knee extension
ag- quadraceps
ant-hamstrings
