1.4 sick lungs Flashcards
pages 22 - 25
are all lung diseases treatable?
no, some aren’t
is asthma chronic or short terms?
chronic
does asthma have a genetic factor?
yes it does, your chances of developing asthma increas if other family members have it
what happenes during an astma attack? and what does it cause?
the tiny muscles around the smallest bronchioles contract, and more mucus is produced (then usual). it causes the bronchioles to become narrower so less air can travel to the alveoli.
what is the result of an asthma attack?
a shortage of oxygen
are asthma attacks sudden or in a pattern? and between them, does the person have breathing problems?
astma attacks are sudden, and etween them a person has no breathing problems.
what triggers an asthma attack?
it can often me allergies, pollen, dust and smoke.
what helps during an asthma attack?
medications that help the symptoms go away. they relax the tiny muscles and must be inhaled my an inhaler.
what is the definition of asthma?
a chronic inflammation of the airways.
what is COPD?
a group of similar lung diseases that have similar symptoms and causes
what does COPD stand for?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
what are two diseases that belong to COPD?
bronchitis and emphysema
what is bronchitis ?
an infection of the bronchi that starts with irritation and swelling of the mucus lining.
what causes bronchitis?
smoking and pneumonia (דלקת ריאות)
what do people with bronchitis often do and why, also why is it bad?
cough, to clear their airway of axcess mucus. it is bad because it harms the ciliated cells .
what is emphysema?
a disease in which the alveoli are destroyed, therefore lungs are less effective, lose their flexibility, and less oxygen can flow to the blood from the alveoli
what do people with emphysema often have too? and why?
heart problems, ecause the heart has to work extra hard.
what does emphysema cause? what is it?
firossis which is the forming of scar tissue on the lining of the lungs
is emphysema treatable?
no. it is untreatale
main difference between COPD and asthma?
COPD is caused y smoking while asthma is caused by genetic factors. (mainely)
why is smoking bad for your lungs?
-it burns the ciliated cells in the lining of ur airways
- it builds up a sticky layer inside your alveoli, thus oxygen and carbon dioxide can’t diffuse from the alveoli into the blood.
-less oxygen can reach your blood cells because carbon monoxide is better at binding to the blood cells
what happenes because of the sticky layer inside your alveoli caused by smoking?
oxygen can’t diffuse from your alveoli to your blood and carbon dioxide can’t diffuse from your blood to your alveoli
what by-product does the combustion in cigarette produce? and what is the result, and why?
carbon monoxide. the result is that less oxygen reaches your cells, because carbon monoxide is better at binding to blood cells then oxygen.
how many types of cancer does smoking cause?
- (not only lung cancer!) (
what is hay fever?
an over - sensitive reaction of your body’s defense mechanisms
what can be an extra trigger for an asthma attack?
hay fever
what are the symptoms of hay fever?
mucus producing cells in the lining of the nasal cavity to produce more mucus then usual. eyes might get teary and itchy.
can you use medicine to supress the symptoms of hay fever?
sometimes
what happens when the ciliated cells are damaged?
they cannot move dirty mucus out of the lungs effectively, and therefore harmful substances from smoke can build up in the airways.
what is oesophagus?
food pipe
what is the nasal cavity?
area behind and above the nose
pharynx
part of the throat behind the oral and nasal cavity
where is the larynx?
in the throat
what are the cilliated cells?
hair shaped cells that sweep mucus to your pharynx
what is the epiglottis?
a thin plate of flexible cartilage in front of the windpipe that folds back over and closes the windpipe when you swallow
