1.4 Population nutrient intakes

Question 1

What is nutritional assessment

Answer 1

Interpretation of information obtained from a variety of methods to identify populations or individuals at risk of poor nutritional status

Question 2

What is does ABCD stand for?

Answer 2

Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical, Dietary

Question 3

What does anthropometric mean?

Answer 3

Includes measurement of physical dimensions of the body

Question 4

What does biochemical mean?

Answer 4

Includes blood, urine/hair samples to measure levels of vitamins, minerals, macronutrients, enzymes, hormones etc

Question 5

What does clinical mean?

Answer 5

Includes medical history taking and observations/physical examination of nails, hair, skin, muscles, teeth, gums, skeletal structure

Question 6

Why is dietary intake assessed?

Answer 6

Estimate consumption in individuals or groups
Evaluates adequacy and safety (public health pov)
Make links between food and health (research pov)
Diagnosis and treatments of illnesses (clinical pov)

Question 7

What are the types of dietary assessments?

Answer 7

Retrospective and prospective

Question 8

What are the types of prospective methods of dietary assessment?

Answer 8

Duplicate diets, observed intakes, food records

Question 9

What are the types of retrospective dietary assessments?

Answer 9

24-hour dietary recall, diet history, food frequency questionnaire

Question 10

What are duplicate diets?

Answer 10

Subjects weigh and record food consumption at the time of eating and weigh and put aside the exact portion of each food.

Samples were analysed chemically for energy and nutrient content

Question 11

What are observed intakes?

Answer 11

Intake observed and noted by researcher or health care practitioners

Results in change in behaviour of person being observed

Question 12

What are food records?

Answer 12

All food and drink consumed over a period is weighed and recorded by the individual over ≤7 days

Data converted to food codes and weights and nutrient intakes are calculated

Question 13

What is 24 hour dietary recall

Answer 13

Interview subjects about food and beverage consumption over a defined period of time

Either day before or preceding 24 hours

Estimate using household measurements and using multiple pass recall method

Data obtained is converted into food codes and weights and nutrients calculated using that

Question 14

What is diet history?

Answer 14

Multiple or repeated recalls are done to capture daily variation in the diet at an individual level

Question 15

What is diet history?

Answer 15

Multiple or repeated recalls are done to capture daily variation in the diet at an individual level

Question 16

What is a food frequency questionnaire?

Answer 16

Food listed into food groups

6-300 items on the questionnaire

Typically 100-150 different items

Individuals asked to respond about frequency of intake- how many times per week do they eat

Option of rarely, monthly or weekly

Nutrient data that can be generated will provide absolute information or change in intake, energy adjusted intake, quantiles or high or low consumers

Question 17

What are the stages of multiple pass recall?

Answer 17

1. Quick list of foods eaten or drunk- free and uninterrupted recall of intake
2. Detailed information probing questions about intake
3. Review everything recalled, adding any items not remembered and location of the consumption

Question 18

What is the National Diet and Nutrition survey

Answer 18

An annual cross-sectional survey of 1000 people older than 1.5 years in the UK

Individuals are interviewed about their eating habits, lifestyle and health; complete a 4 day estimated diet diary, physical activity questionnaire and physical measurements and blood and urine samples

Question 19

What are the uses of commercial food purchase data?

Answer 19

Industry/retail, policy/government, academic