1.4 Population nutrient intakes Flashcards
What is nutritional assessment
Interpretation of information obtained from a variety of methods to identify populations or individuals at risk of poor nutritional status
What is does ABCD stand for?
Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical, Dietary
What does anthropometric mean?
Includes measurement of physical dimensions of the body
What does biochemical mean?
Includes blood, urine/hair samples to measure levels of vitamins, minerals, macronutrients, enzymes, hormones etc
What does clinical mean?
Includes medical history taking and observations/physical examination of nails, hair, skin, muscles, teeth, gums, skeletal structure
Why is dietary intake assessed?
Estimate consumption in individuals or groups
Evaluates adequacy and safety (public health pov)
Make links between food and health (research pov)
Diagnosis and treatments of illnesses (clinical pov)
What are the types of dietary assessments?
Retrospective and prospective
What are the types of prospective methods of dietary assessment?
Duplicate diets, observed intakes, food records
What are the types of retrospective dietary assessments?
24-hour dietary recall, diet history, food frequency questionnaire
What are duplicate diets?
Subjects weigh and record food consumption at the time of eating and weigh and put aside the exact portion of each food.
Samples were analysed chemically for energy and nutrient content
What are observed intakes?
Intake observed and noted by researcher or health care practitioners
Results in change in behaviour of person being observed
What are food records?
All food and drink consumed over a period is weighed and recorded by the individual over ≤7 days
Data converted to food codes and weights and nutrient intakes are calculated
What is 24 hour dietary recall
Interview subjects about food and beverage consumption over a defined period of time
Either day before or preceding 24 hours
Estimate using household measurements and using multiple pass recall method
Data obtained is converted into food codes and weights and nutrients calculated using that
What is diet history?
Multiple or repeated recalls are done to capture daily variation in the diet at an individual level
What is diet history?
Multiple or repeated recalls are done to capture daily variation in the diet at an individual level
What is a food frequency questionnaire?
Food listed into food groups
6-300 items on the questionnaire
Typically 100-150 different items
Individuals asked to respond about frequency of intake- how many times per week do they eat
Option of rarely, monthly or weekly
Nutrient data that can be generated will provide absolute information or change in intake, energy adjusted intake, quantiles or high or low consumers
What are the stages of multiple pass recall?
- Quick list of foods eaten or drunk- free and uninterrupted recall of intake
- Detailed information probing questions about intake
- Review everything recalled, adding any items not remembered and location of the consumption
What is the National Diet and Nutrition survey
An annual cross-sectional survey of 1000 people older than 1.5 years in the UK
Individuals are interviewed about their eating habits, lifestyle and health; complete a 4 day estimated diet diary, physical activity questionnaire and physical measurements and blood and urine samples
What are the uses of commercial food purchase data?
Industry/retail, policy/government, academic
