1.4: Philip Zimbardo (1973) Flashcards
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
What happened to the prisoners?
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
What were the prisoners also given?
The prisoners were also given some rights
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example what?
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example:
- 3 meals
- 3 supervised toilet trips a day
- 2 visits per week
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
What happened to the guards?
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
What did Zimbardo take the role of?
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
What was the planned duration of the prison simulation study?
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but when was it stopped?
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
What did Zimbardo find?
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
What did the guards do?
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
What did the prisoners do?
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
Example
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
Example
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also,
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
Example
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi argue that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Their performances were based on their stereotypes of how prisoners and guards are supposed to behave
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi argue that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Their performances were based on their stereotypes of how prisoners and guards are supposed to behave.
Therefore,
Therefore, Zimbardo’s study is not reflective of the participants’ real life behaviour and the findings regarding social roles from the study cannot be generalised beyond the artificial setting
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi argue that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Their performances were based on their stereotypes of how prisoners and guards are supposed to behave.
Therefore, Zimbardo’s study is not reflective of the participants’ real life behaviour and the findings regarding social roles from the study cannot be generalised beyond the artificial setting.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of Zimbardo’s study is the role of dispositional influences
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi argue that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Their performances were based on their stereotypes of how prisoners and guards are supposed to behave.
Therefore, Zimbardo’s study is not reflective of the participants’ real life behaviour and the findings regarding social roles from the study cannot be generalised beyond the artificial setting.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of Zimbardo’s study is the role of dispositional influences.
Fromm (1973) accused Zimbardo of exaggerating the power of the situation to influence behaviour and minimising the role of personality factors (dispositional factors)
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi argue that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Their performances were based on their stereotypes of how prisoners and guards are supposed to behave.
Therefore, Zimbardo’s study is not reflective of the participants’ real life behaviour and the findings regarding social roles from the study cannot be generalised beyond the artificial setting.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of Zimbardo’s study is the role of dispositional influences.
Fromm (1973) accused Zimbardo of exaggerating the power of the situation to influence behaviour and minimising the role of personality factors (dispositional factors).
Example
For example, only about 1/3 of the guards behaved in a brutal manner, another third were keen on applying the rules fairly and the rest actively tried to help and support the prisoners, sympathising with them, reinstating privileges and offering them cigarettes (Zimbardo, 2007)
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi argue that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Their performances were based on their stereotypes of how prisoners and guards are supposed to behave.
Therefore, Zimbardo’s study is not reflective of the participants’ real life behaviour and the findings regarding social roles from the study cannot be generalised beyond the artificial setting.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of Zimbardo’s study is the role of dispositional influences.
Fromm (1973) accused Zimbardo of exaggerating the power of the situation to influence behaviour and minimising the role of personality factors (dispositional factors).
For example, only about 1/3 of the guards behaved in a brutal manner, another third were keen on applying the rules fairly and the rest actively tried to help and support the prisoners, sympathising with them, reinstating privileges and offering them cigarettes (Zimbardo, 2007).
What does this suggest?
This suggests that situational factors are not the only cause of conformity to social roles and that dispositional factors also play a role, because the differences in the guards’ behaviour indicate that they were able to exercise right and wrong choices, despite the situational pressures to conform to a role
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi argue that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Their performances were based on their stereotypes of how prisoners and guards are supposed to behave.
Therefore, Zimbardo’s study is not reflective of the participants’ real life behaviour and the findings regarding social roles from the study cannot be generalised beyond the artificial setting.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of Zimbardo’s study is the role of dispositional influences.
Fromm (1973) accused Zimbardo of exaggerating the power of the situation to influence behaviour and minimising the role of personality factors (dispositional factors).
For example, only about 1/3 of the guards behaved in a brutal manner, another third were keen on applying the rules fairly and the rest actively tried to help and support the prisoners, sympathising with them, reinstating privileges and offering them cigarettes (Zimbardo, 2007).
This suggests that situational factors are not the only cause of conformity to social roles and that dispositional factors also play a role, because the differences in the guards’ behaviour indicate that they were able to exercise right and wrong choices, despite the situational pressures to conform to a role.
Fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s research has a lack of research support
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi argue that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Their performances were based on their stereotypes of how prisoners and guards are supposed to behave.
Therefore, Zimbardo’s study is not reflective of the participants’ real life behaviour and the findings regarding social roles from the study cannot be generalised beyond the artificial setting.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of Zimbardo’s study is the role of dispositional influences.
Fromm (1973) accused Zimbardo of exaggerating the power of the situation to influence behaviour and minimising the role of personality factors (dispositional factors).
For example, only about 1/3 of the guards behaved in a brutal manner, another third were keen on applying the rules fairly and the rest actively tried to help and support the prisoners, sympathising with them, reinstating privileges and offering them cigarettes (Zimbardo, 2007).
This suggests that situational factors are not the only cause of conformity to social roles and that dispositional factors also play a role, because the differences in the guards’ behaviour indicate that they were able to exercise right and wrong choices, despite the situational pressures to conform to a role.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s research has a lack of research support.
Example
For example, Reicher and Haslam (2006) partially replicated the Stanford prison experiment and the findings were very different to those of Zimbardo’s, because it was the prisoners who eventually took control of the mock prison and subjected the guards to a campaign of harassment and disobedience
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi argue that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Their performances were based on their stereotypes of how prisoners and guards are supposed to behave.
Therefore, Zimbardo’s study is not reflective of the participants’ real life behaviour and the findings regarding social roles from the study cannot be generalised beyond the artificial setting.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of Zimbardo’s study is the role of dispositional influences.
Fromm (1973) accused Zimbardo of exaggerating the power of the situation to influence behaviour and minimising the role of personality factors (dispositional factors).
For example, only about 1/3 of the guards behaved in a brutal manner, another third were keen on applying the rules fairly and the rest actively tried to help and support the prisoners, sympathising with them, reinstating privileges and offering them cigarettes (Zimbardo, 2007).
This suggests that situational factors are not the only cause of conformity to social roles and that dispositional factors also play a role, because the differences in the guards’ behaviour indicate that they were able to exercise right and wrong choices, despite the situational pressures to conform to a role.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s research has a lack of research support.
For example, Reicher and Haslam (2006) partially replicated the Stanford prison experiment and the findings were very different to those of Zimbardo’s, because it was the prisoners who eventually took control of the mock prison and subjected the guards to a campaign of harassment and disobedience.
Reicher and Haslam used social identity theory (Tajfel, 1981) to explain this outcome and argued that the guards failed to develop a shared social identity as a cohesive group, but that the prisoners did.
They actively identified themselves as members of a social group that refused to accept the limits of their assigned role as prisoners
Describe and evaluate the procedure of Zimbardo’s research into social roles (16 marks)/Discuss research into conformity to social roles (16 marks).
The sample in Zimbardo’s research into social roles was 24 US male student volunteers, who were randomly assigned the role of prisoner or guard.
The prisoners were unexpectedly arrested at home, then were deloused and given the prison uniform and an ID number.
The prisoners were also given some rights, for example 3 meals, 3 supervised toilet trips a day and 2 visits per week.
The guards were given uniforms, clubs, whistles and wore reflective sunglasses.
Zimbardo took the role of prison superintendent.
The planned duration of the prison simulation study was 2 weeks, but it was stopped after 6 days.
Zimbardo found that both the prisoners and guards quickly identified with their social roles.
Within days the prisoners rebelled, but this was quickly crushed by the guards, who then grew increasingly abusive towards the prisoners.
The guards dehumanised the prisoners, waking them during the night and forcing them to clean toilets with their bare hands.
The prisoners became increasingly submissive, identifying further with their subordinate role.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s study was a laboratory experiment and therefore, a strength of the study is that there was a high degree of control.
For example, Zimbardo was able to control many aspects of the study in terms of the prisoners being arrested in their homes and the selection of participants, as only the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies males were chosen and randomly assigned to the roles of guard or prisoner.
This was one way in which the researchers tried to rule our individual personality differences as an explanation of the findings.
If guards and prisoners behaved very differently, but were in those roles only by chance, then their behaviour must have been due to the pressures of the situation.
Having such control over variables is a strength of Zimbardo’s research into conformity to social roles, because it increases the internal validity of the study, so we can more confident in drawing conclusions about the influence of roles on behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, Zimbardo’s research can be criticised as lacking ecological validity.
For example, the participants were placed in an unfamiliar artificial setting and were expected to carry out an artificial task.
Also, making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi argue that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Their performances were based on their stereotypes of how prisoners and guards are supposed to behave.
Therefore, Zimbardo’s study is not reflective of the participants’ real life behaviour and the findings regarding social roles from the study cannot be generalised beyond the artificial setting.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another weakness of Zimbardo’s study is the role of dispositional influences.
Fromm (1973) accused Zimbardo of exaggerating the power of the situation to influence behaviour and minimising the role of personality factors (dispositional factors).
For example, only about 1/3 of the guards behaved in a brutal manner, another third were keen on applying the rules fairly and the rest actively tried to help and support the prisoners, sympathising with them, reinstating privileges and offering them cigarettes (Zimbardo, 2007).
This suggests that situational factors are not the only cause of conformity to social roles and that dispositional factors also play a role, because the differences in the guards’ behaviour indicate that they were able to exercise right and wrong choices, despite the situational pressures to conform to a role.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Zimbardo’s research has a lack of research support.
For example, Reicher and Haslam (2006) partially replicated the Stanford prison experiment and the findings were very different to those of Zimbardo’s, because it was the prisoners who eventually took control of the mock prison and subjected the guards to a campaign of harassment and disobedience.
Reicher and Haslam used social identity theory (Tajfel, 1981) to explain this outcome and argued that the guards failed to develop a shared social identity as a cohesive group, but that the prisoners did.
They actively identified themselves as members of a social group that refused to accept the limits of their assigned role as prisoners.
What does this do?
This challenges and invalidates Zimbardo’s research and thus his conclusion that participants were conforming to social roles
