1.1: Conformity (majority influence) Flashcards
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks)
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
What is there a desire to be?
There is a desire to be liked
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and what does NSI lead to?
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, why?
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a what change in view or behaviour?
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI)
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
What is there a desire to be?
There is a desire to be right
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and what does ISI lead to?
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, why?
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a what change in view or behaviour?
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Who developed a two-process theory?
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing what?
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on what?
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, what?
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI)
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, what?
However, more often, both processes are involved
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
Example
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
What may this dissenter do?
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI or NSI
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (why) or NSI?
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (why)?
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support)
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
What does this show?
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
Where is this the case?
This is the case in laboratory studies
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but what?
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
What does this show?
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
Example
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, what did many say?
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out’
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, what did they do?
Therefore, they compromised
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what being completely different?
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said and believed being completely different
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (what) and believed being completely different?
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed being completely different
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (what) being completely different?
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating what?
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
What does this suggest?
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that informational influence can explain conformity in ambiguous situations in which both public and private agreement occurs
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that informational influence can explain conformity in ambiguous situations in which both public and private agreement occurs.
Example
For example, Jenness gave participants a task with no clear answer, estimating how many jellybeans there were in a jar
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that informational influence can explain conformity in ambiguous situations in which both public and private agreement occurs.
For example, Jenness gave participants a task with no clear answer, estimating how many jellybeans there were in a jar.
Jenness found that individual estimates moved towards the estimates of others, showing that they genuinely (what) believed these estimates?
Jenness found that individual estimates moved towards the estimates of others, showing that they genuinely (privately) believed these estimates
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that informational influence can explain conformity in ambiguous situations in which both public and private agreement occurs.
For example, Jenness gave participants a task with no clear answer, estimating how many jellybeans there were in a jar.
What did Jenness find?
Jenness found that individual estimates moved towards the estimates of others, showing that they genuinely (privately) believed these estimates, demonstrating an example of internalisation (true conformity)
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that informational influence can explain conformity in ambiguous situations in which both public and private agreement occurs.
For example, Jenness gave participants a task with no clear answer, estimating how many jellybeans there were in a jar.
Jenness found that individual estimates moved towards the estimates of others, showing that they genuinely (privately) believed these estimates, demonstrating an example of internalisation (true conformity).
What does this suggest?
This suggests that ISI is a valid explanation of why people conform
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that informational influence can explain conformity in ambiguous situations in which both public and private agreement occurs.
For example, Jenness gave participants a task with no clear answer, estimating how many jellybeans there were in a jar.
Jenness found that individual estimates moved towards the estimates of others, showing that they genuinely (privately) believed these estimates, demonstrating an example of internalisation (true conformity).
This suggests that ISI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
Fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are individual differences in NSI
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that informational influence can explain conformity in ambiguous situations in which both public and private agreement occurs.
For example, Jenness gave participants a task with no clear answer, estimating how many jellybeans there were in a jar.
Jenness found that individual estimates moved towards the estimates of others, showing that they genuinely (privately) believed these estimates, demonstrating an example of internalisation (true conformity).
This suggests that ISI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are individual differences in NSI.
Some research shows that NSI does not
Some research shows that NSI does not affect everyone’s behaviour in the same way
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that informational influence can explain conformity in ambiguous situations in which both public and private agreement occurs.
For example, Jenness gave participants a task with no clear answer, estimating how many jellybeans there were in a jar.
Jenness found that individual estimates moved towards the estimates of others, showing that they genuinely (privately) believed these estimates, demonstrating an example of internalisation (true conformity).
This suggests that ISI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are individual differences in NSI.
Some research shows that NSI does not affect everyone’s behaviour in the same way.
Example
For example, people who are less concerned with being liked are less affected by NSI than those who care more about being liked.
Such people are described as nAffiliators.
These are people who have a greater need for ‘affiliation’ - a need for being in a relationship with others
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that informational influence can explain conformity in ambiguous situations in which both public and private agreement occurs.
For example, Jenness gave participants a task with no clear answer, estimating how many jellybeans there were in a jar.
Jenness found that individual estimates moved towards the estimates of others, showing that they genuinely (privately) believed these estimates, demonstrating an example of internalisation (true conformity).
This suggests that ISI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are individual differences in NSI.
Some research shows that NSI does not affect everyone’s behaviour in the same way.
For example, people who are less concerned with being liked are less affected by NSI than those who care more about being liked.
Such people are described as nAffiliators.
These are people who have a greater need for ‘affiliation’ - a need for being in a relationship with others.
Example
For example, McGhee and Teevan (1967) found that students high in need of affiliation were more likely to conform
Describe and evaluate explanations of conformity (16 marks)/Discuss what psychological research has told us about why people conform (16 marks).
Normative social influence (NSI) is going along with the majority through fear of rejection or being seen as an outcast.
There is a desire to be liked and NSI leads to compliance, as it is conforming for emotional reasons.
It is a temporary change in view or behaviour.
Informational social influence (ISI) is going along with the majority through acceptance of new information.
There is a desire to be right and ISI leads to internalisation, as it is conforming for cognitive reasons.
It is a permanent change in view or behaviour.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955) developed a two-process theory, arguing that there are 2 main reasons people conform, based on 2 central human needs, the need to be right (ISI) and the need to be liked (NSI).
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the idea of Deutsch and Gerard’s ‘two-process’ model is that behaviour is either due to ISI or NSI.
However, more often, both processes are involved.
For example, conformity was reduced when there was one other dissenting participant in the Asch experiment.
This dissenter may reduce the power of ISI (because there is an alternative source of information) or NSI (because the dissenter provides social support).
This shows that it isn’t always possible to be sure whether ISI or NSI is at work.
This is the case in laboratory studies, but it is even truer in real life conformity situations outside the laboratory.
This casts serious doubt over the view of ISI and NSI as 2 processes operating independently in conforming behaviour.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that normative social influence can explain the results of conformity studies in unambiguous situations.
For example, Asch got participants to conform to answers given by others that were obviously incorrect.
In the post-experimental debriefing, many said ‘I didn’t want to look stupid’ or ‘I didn’t want to be the odd one out.’
Therefore, they compromised, with what they said (publicly) and believed (privately) being completely different, demonstrating an example of compliance.
This suggests that NSI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that informational influence can explain conformity in ambiguous situations in which both public and private agreement occurs.
For example, Jenness gave participants a task with no clear answer, estimating how many jellybeans there were in a jar.
Jenness found that individual estimates moved towards the estimates of others, showing that they genuinely (privately) believed these estimates, demonstrating an example of internalisation (true conformity).
This suggests that ISI is a valid explanation of why people conform.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there are individual differences in NSI.
Some research shows that NSI does not affect everyone’s behaviour in the same way.
For example, people who are less concerned with being liked are less affected by NSI than those who care more about being liked.
Such people are described as nAffiliators.
These are people who have a greater need for ‘affiliation’ - a need for being in a relationship with others.
For example, McGhee and Teevan (1967) found that students high in need of affiliation were more likely to conform.
What does this show?
This shows that the desire to be liked underlies conformity for some people more than others, thus there are individual differences in the way people respond
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks)
One study is Asch’s study
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
Why is this?
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
What may be?
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However,
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
What does this show?
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken.
Why is this?
This is because the naive participants were deceived about the nature of the experiment (they thought the study was of visual perception) and also because they thought the other people involved in the procedure (the confederates) were also genuine participants like themselves.
The participants were also not protected from harm, because they were put under stress through disagreeing with others
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken.
This is because the naive participants were deceived about the nature of the experiment (they thought the study was of visual perception) and also because they thought the other people involved in the procedure (the confederates) were also genuine participants like themselves.
The participants were also not protected from harm, because they were put under stress through disagreeing with others.
Therefore, what?
Therefore, Asch’s study was unethical
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken.
This is because the naive participants were deceived about the nature of the experiment (they thought the study was of visual perception) and also because they thought the other people involved in the procedure (the confederates) were also genuine participants like themselves.
The participants were also not protected from harm, because they were put under stress through disagreeing with others.
Therefore, Asch’s study was unethical.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third A03 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken.
This is because the naive participants were deceived about the nature of the experiment (they thought the study was of visual perception) and also because they thought the other people involved in the procedure (the confederates) were also genuine participants like themselves.
The participants were also not protected from harm, because they were put under stress through disagreeing with others.
Therefore, Asch’s study was unethical.
The third A03 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
However,
However, the situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism, as Asch’s study involved an artificial situation and task
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken.
This is because the naive participants were deceived about the nature of the experiment (they thought the study was of visual perception) and also because they thought the other people involved in the procedure (the confederates) were also genuine participants like themselves.
The participants were also not protected from harm, because they were put under stress through disagreeing with others.
Therefore, Asch’s study was unethical.
The third A03 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
However, the situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism, as Asch’s study involved an artificial situation and task.
What does this mean?
This means that it’s not a valid measure of real life conformity, where conformity takes place in a social context and often with people we know, rather than strangers
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken.
This is because the naive participants were deceived about the nature of the experiment (they thought the study was of visual perception) and also because they thought the other people involved in the procedure (the confederates) were also genuine participants like themselves.
The participants were also not protected from harm, because they were put under stress through disagreeing with others.
Therefore, Asch’s study was unethical.
The third A03 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
However, the situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism, as Asch’s study involved an artificial situation and task.
This means that it’s not a valid measure of real life conformity, where conformity takes place in a social context and often with people we know, rather than strangers.
Therefore,
Therefore, the findings cannot be generalised to the wider population
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken.
This is because the naive participants were deceived about the nature of the experiment (they thought the study was of visual perception) and also because they thought the other people involved in the procedure (the confederates) were also genuine participants like themselves.
The participants were also not protected from harm, because they were put under stress through disagreeing with others.
Therefore, Asch’s study was unethical.
The third A03 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
However, the situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism, as Asch’s study involved an artificial situation and task.
This means that it’s not a valid measure of real life conformity, where conformity takes place in a social context and often with people we know, rather than strangers.
Therefore, the findings cannot be generalised to the wider population.
Fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that only men were tested by Asch
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken.
This is because the naive participants were deceived about the nature of the experiment (they thought the study was of visual perception) and also because they thought the other people involved in the procedure (the confederates) were also genuine participants like themselves.
The participants were also not protected from harm, because they were put under stress through disagreeing with others.
Therefore, Asch’s study was unethical.
The third A03 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
However, the situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism, as Asch’s study involved an artificial situation and task.
This means that it’s not a valid measure of real life conformity, where conformity takes place in a social context and often with people we know, rather than strangers.
Therefore, the findings cannot be generalised to the wider population.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that only men were tested by Asch.
Other research suggests that women might be more conformist, possibly because they are more concerned about social relationships and being accepted than men are, according to Neto (1995)
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken.
This is because the naive participants were deceived about the nature of the experiment (they thought the study was of visual perception) and also because they thought the other people involved in the procedure (the confederates) were also genuine participants like themselves.
The participants were also not protected from harm, because they were put under stress through disagreeing with others.
Therefore, Asch’s study was unethical.
The third A03 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
However, the situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism, as Asch’s study involved an artificial situation and task.
This means that it’s not a valid measure of real life conformity, where conformity takes place in a social context and often with people we know, rather than strangers.
Therefore, the findings cannot be generalised to the wider population.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that only men were tested by Asch.
Other research suggests that women might be more conformist, possibly because they are more concerned about social relationships and being accepted than men are, according to Neto (1995).
The men in Asch’s study
The men in Asch’s study were from the United States, an individualist culture, where people are more concerned about themselves, rather than their social group.
Similar conformity studies conducted in collectivist cultures, such as China, where the social group is more important than the individual, have found that conformity rates are higher
Discuss research into conformity (16 marks)/Discuss one study of social influence (16 marks).
One study is Asch’s study.
123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naive (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
75% of participants conformed to at least one answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s study is a child of its time.
This is because Perrin and Spencer (1980) repeated Asch’s original study with engineering students in the UK.
Only one student conformed in a total of 396 trials.
It may be that the engineering students felt more confident about measuring lines than the original sample and therefore were less conformist.
However, Asch’s findings may have been influenced by social attitudes of the 1950s, as post-war attitudes were that people should work together and conform to established social norms rather than dissent, but there has been great social change since then and people are possibly less conformist today.
This shows that Asch’s findings may not be relevant today.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that in Asch’s study, numerous ethical guidelines were broken.
This is because the naive participants were deceived about the nature of the experiment (they thought the study was of visual perception) and also because they thought the other people involved in the procedure (the confederates) were also genuine participants like themselves.
The participants were also not protected from harm, because they were put under stress through disagreeing with others.
Therefore, Asch’s study was unethical.
The third A03 PEEL paragraph is that Asch’s method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
However, the situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism, as Asch’s study involved an artificial situation and task.
This means that it’s not a valid measure of real life conformity, where conformity takes place in a social context and often with people we know, rather than strangers.
Therefore, the findings cannot be generalised to the wider population.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that only men were tested by Asch.
Other research suggests that women might be more conformist, possibly because they are more concerned about social relationships and being accepted than men are, according to Neto (1995).
The men in Asch’s study were from the United States, an individualist culture, where people are more concerned about themselves, rather than their social group.
Similar conformity studies conducted in collectivist cultures, such as China, where the social group is more important than the individual, have found that conformity rates are higher.
What does this show?
This shows that conformity levels are sometimes even higher than Asch found and that Asch’s findings may only apply to American men, because he didn’t take gender and cultural differences into account
