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Chemistry: Organic > 14: Organic Synthesis > Flashcards

14: Organic Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are alkyl ammonium salts formed from?

A

Primary amines

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2
Q

Give the type of reaction that occurs when alkyl ammonium salts are formed from primary amines.

A

Acid base

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3
Q

Give the reagent and condition needed to form alkyl ammonium salts from primary amines.

A

Dilute HCl at room temperature.

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4
Q

Name the type of reaction that forms haloalkanes from alkanes.

A

Free radical substitution

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5
Q

Give the conditions needed for free radical substitution.

A

UV light

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6
Q

Name the mechanism used to form primary amines from haloalkanes.

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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7
Q

Give the reagent and conditions needed to form primary amines from haloalkanes.

A

Concentrated NH2 and heat

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8
Q

Name the mechanism used to form secondary amines from primary amines.

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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9
Q

Give the conditions and reagent needed to form a secondary amine from a primary amine.

A

Heat with a haloalkane

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10
Q

Name the mechanism used to form tertiary amines from secondary amines.

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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11
Q

Give the conditions and reagent needed to form a tertiary amine from a secondary amine.

A

Heat with haloalkane

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12
Q

Name the mechanism used to form quaternary ammonium salts from tertiary amines.

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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13
Q

Give the conditions and reagent needed to form quaternary ammonium salts from a tertiary amine.

A

Heat with haloalkane

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14
Q

Name the mechanism used to form alkenes from haloalkanes.

A

Elimination

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15
Q

Name the conditions and reagent used to form alkenes from haloalkanes.

A

Heat with NaOH dissolved in ethanol

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16
Q

Name the mechanism used to form haloalkanes from alkenes.

A

Electrophilic addition

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17
Q

Give the conditions and reagent needed to form haloalkanes from alkenes.

A

Heat with a hydrogen halide.

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18
Q

Name the mechanism used to form a dihaloalkane from alkenes.

A

Electrophilic addition

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19
Q

Give the conditions and reagent needed to form a dihaloalkane from alkenes.

A

Halogen at room temperature

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20
Q

Give the mechanism to form a diol from dihaloalkanes.

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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21
Q

Give the conditions needed to form a diol from a dihaloalkane.

A

Dilute warm aqueous NaOH under reflux

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22
Q

Name the type of reaction used to form an alcohol from an alkene.

A

Hydration

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23
Q

Give the conditions needed to form an alcohol from an alkene.

A

Steam, H2SO4 and heat

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24
Q

Name the mechanism used to form alkenes from alcohols.

A

Elimination

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25
Q

Give the conditions needed to form an alkene from alcohols.

A

Concentrated acid and heat

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26
Q

Name the mechanism used to form an alcohol from haloalkanes.

A

Nucleophilic substitution

27
Q

Give the conditions and reagents used when forming alcohols from haloalkanes.

A

Dilute warm aqueous NaOH and heat under reflux

28
Q

Give the mechanism used when forming nitriles from haloalkanes.

A

Nucleophilic substitution

29
Q

Give the conditions needed for forming nitriles from haloalkanes.

A

Heat under reflux using KCN

30
Q

Name the type of reaction used when forming primary amines from nitriles.

31
Q

Give the reagents and conditions needed for forming primary amines from nitriles.

A

LiAlH4 dissolved in dry ether and heat

32
Q

Give the type of reaction used when converting alcohols to ketones.

33
Q

Give the conditions needed for converting alcohols to ketones.

A

Acidified K2Cr2O7 and heat

34
Q

Give the type of reaction used when converting ketones to alcohols.

35
Q

Give the conditions needed to convert ketones to alcohols.

A

NaBH4 and heat

36
Q

Name the type of reaction used to convert alcohols to aldehydes.
Give the conditions

A

Oxidation.
Acidified potassium dichromate and heat

37
Q

Name the type of reaction used to convert aldehydes to alcohols.
Give the conditions

A

Reduction
Add NaBH4 and heat

38
Q

Name the type of reaction used to convert aldehydes to carboxylic acids.
Give the conditions

A

Oxidation.
Add acidified potassium dichromate and heat under reflux.

39
Q

Name the type of reaction used to convert carboxylic acids to aldehydes and give the conditions.

A

Reduction
LiAlH4 in dry ether and heat

40
Q

Give the type of reaction that happens when converting nitriles to carboxylic acids.

A

Hydrolysis

41
Q

Give the conditions and reagent needed to convert nitriles to carboxylic acids.

A

Dilute HCl and heat

42
Q

Give the type of reaction that occurs when converting carboxylic acids to carboxylate salts.

43
Q

Give the conditions/reagents needed when converting carboxylic acids to carboxylate salts.

A

NaOH at room temperature

44
Q

Give the type of reaction that occurs when forming esters from carboxylic acids.

A

Condensation

45
Q

Give the conditions and reagents needed when forming esters from carboxylic acids.

A

Alcohol, H2SO4 and heat

46
Q

Name the mechanism used when forming esters from acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides.
Give the conditions and reagents.

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination
Alcohol

47
Q

Name the reaction that happens when converting acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides to carboxylic acids.

A

Hydrolysis

48
Q

Give the conditions and reagent needed when forming carboxylic acids from acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides.

A

H2O at room temperature

49
Q

Give the mechanism needed when converting acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides to amides.

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination

50
Q

Give the conditions and reagent needed to make amides from acyl chlorides.

A

Amines at room temperature.

51
Q

Name the mechanism used to form ethyl benzene from benzene.

A

Electrophilic substitution

52
Q

Name the conditions and reagent used to form ethyl benzene from benzene.

A

Heat with chloroethane and AlCl3

53
Q

Name the mechanism used to form nitrobenzene from benzene.

A

Electrophilic substitution

54
Q

Name the reagents used to form nitrobenzene from benzene.

A

Concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4

55
Q

Name the mechanism used to form benzaldehyde from benzene.

A

Electrophilic substitution

56
Q

Name the conditions and reagent used to form benzaldehyde from benzene.

A

Heat with ethanoyl chloride and AlCl3

57
Q

Name the mechanism used to form methyl benzene toluene from benzene.

A

Electrophilic substitution

58
Q

Name the conditions used to form methyl benzene toluene from benzene.

A

Heat with chloromethane and AlCl3

59
Q

Name the mechanism used to form chloromethyl benzene from methyl benzene toluene.

A

Free radical substitution

60
Q

Name the conditions and reagent used to form chloromethyl benzene from methyl benzene toluene.

A

UV and chlorine

61
Q

Name the mechanism used to produce 1-methyl 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene from methyl benzene toluene.

A

Electrophilic substitution

62
Q

Name the conditons used to produce 1-methyl 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene from methyl benzene toluene.

A

Concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4

63
Q

Name the type of reaction that occurs when converting nitrobenzene to alanine amino benzene.

64
Q

Name the conditions and reagent that occurs when converting nitrobenzene to alanine amino benzene.

A

Sn and conc HCl, heat

Chemistry: Organic (17 decks)

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