1: Isomers Flashcards
Definitions of Isomers Types of Isomers
What are structural isomers?
Molecules that have the same molecular formula, but atoms are arranged differently in space.
What is a chain isomer?
Isomers where the carbon skeleton is arranged differently.
What is a position isomer?
Isomers where the functional group is found in different locations.
What are functional group isomers?
Isomers where the functional group is different.
Give 2 examples of functional group isomers.
Alkenes and cyclohexanes
Aldehydes and ketones
What are stereoisomers?
Isomers that have the same structural formula, but the atoms are arranged differently in space.
Name 2 types of stereoisomerism.
E/Z Isomers, Optical Isomers
What do double bonds prevent E/Z isomers from doing?
How does this affect the shape of the molecule?
Double bonds prevent atoms molecules from rotating. This makes the molecule appear as planar.
What is the bond angle around a double bond?
120 degrees.
How are atoms arranged in E isomers? Are they cis or trans?
E isomers are trans. This means atoms are diagonal to each other.
How are atoms arranged in Z isomers?
Z isomers are cis. This means atoms are on the same side of a double bond.
When there are multiple different functional groups on an E/Z isomer, how is priority assigned?
The atoms with the highest atomic number are given priority. If all atoms are the same, look at the next atom in the groups. The highest atomic number has the most priority.
