13: Amino Acids and DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Name the functional groups in an amino acid

A

Amine and carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a zwitterion?

A

The ability of an ion to be both positive and negative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do zwitterions dissolve well in water?

A

They are ionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If you add an amino acid to a solution with a high pH, what will the ion look like?

A

A H is lost from the carboxyl group, leaving COO-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If you add an amino acid to a solution with a low pH, what will the ion look like?

A

A H is added to the NH2, forming NH3+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe how dipeptides are formed.

A

Condensation reaction between 2 amino acids, eliminates water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give the conditions for hydrolysis of dipeptides.

A

Dipeptide boiled in HCl for 24 hours and water is added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bonds are present in the secondary protein structure?

A

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What bonds present in the tertiary protein structure?

A

Disulfide bridge, ionic, hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do hydrogen bonds form between bases?

A

Between the NH groups and C=O groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled cell division leads to tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name a drug used to treat cancer.

A

Cisplatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does cisplatin treat cancer?

A

Binds to 2 different guanine groups on the bases of DNA which distorts shape of DNA and prevents replication of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the reaction that takes place between cisplatin and guanine.

A

Ligand substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the structure and shape of cisplatin.

A

Pt bonds to 2 Cl and 2 NH3 groups, square planar shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the ligand substitution that takes place between guanine and cisplatin.

A

N atom on guanine replaces Cl on cisplatin and a dative bond forms between Pt atom and N atom on 2 different guanine groups.

17
Q

What are the limitations of cisplatin?

A

The drug cannot distinguish between healthy cells and cancerous cells, so DNA becomes damaged in healthy cells too