1.4 Mutations Flashcards
State what a mutation is
State the single gene Mutations
Subsitution
Nonesense mutations
Missense mutation
Splice - Site mutations
Insertions
Deletions
Describe subsitution
Meaning that one codon is changed to another base
Describe nonesense mutation
Results in a premature stop codon meaning a shorter protein
Describe the Missense mutation
Meaning one amino acid being changed for another may result in a non -functional protein or have little effect on the protein
Describe the Splice - Site Mutations
Affects the boudries bewtween exon and intron.
Describe Insertion Mutation
Inserting a new nucleotide can cause a frame shift.
Describe the Deletion mutations
Removing a nucleoride from the sequence can cause a frameshift.
What is a single Gene Mutation?
Involve the altertation of a DNA nucleotide sequence as a result of subsitution insertion or deletion of nucleotides.
What is a chromosone structure mutation
alterations that affect the whole chromosones and who genes rafer than individual nucleotides.
4 Things
Desccribe all the chromosone structure mutations.
Translocation
Inversin
Duplication
deletion
Describe Translocation
A section of one chromosone breaks off and becomes attache to another chromosone that is not its matching partner.
Describe Inversion
Segment between the 2 breaks and rotates 180 degrees
Describe deletion
Chromosone breaks in 2 places and the segmenr in between becomes deattched
Describe Duplication
Genes from a matching chromosone duplicate
