1.1 Division and differentiation in human cells. Flashcards

1
Q

What is a somatic cell?

A

Any cell in the body other than cells involved in reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a germline cell

A

Are gametes that is sperm and egg cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a stem cell

A

Undifferentiated cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many cell divisions are involved in Mitosis

A

One

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many cell divisions are involved in Meiosis

A

Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many Daughter cells are produced in Mitosis

A

2 Diploid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many Daughter cells are produced in Meiosis

A

four haploid cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mitosis

During Mitosis what are the daughter cells like compared to the parent cell

A

Identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meiosis

What are the daughter cells produced compared to the parent cell.

A

Half number of chromosones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of cell goes through mitosis to duplicate?

A

Somatic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of cell does meiosis produce

A

Gamete/ Germline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A germline cells divides meiosis it undegoes two divisions name them.

A
  1. Seperating homologous chromosones
  2. Separating chromatids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is cellular differentation

A

Certain genes are switched off and certain genes are left switched on.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does cellular differentation allow you to carry out?

A

allows a cell to carry out Specialised functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell

A

Swims to fuse with egg to produce a zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of a muscle cell

A

Contracts to allow movement

17
Q

Function of nerve cell

A

Carrries electrical impulses around the body.

18
Q

Describe emybronic stem cells

A

They can differentiate into all cell types so is pluripotent.

19
Q

Desccribe the tissue stem cells

A

They are Multipotent as they can differntiate into all of the type of cell found in a particular tissue type.

20
Q

Where is the embyroic stem cell found

A

Embyro

21
Q

Where is the adult stem cell found?

A

Bone marrow

22
Q

Embryonic stem cell gene expression

A

All switched on

23
Q

Adult stem cell gene expression

A

Only some are switched on

24
Q

Embryonic stem cell Differentiation into cell types?

A

Any cell type pluripotent

25
Q

Adult stem cell Differentiation into cell types

A

Only certain cell type multipotent

26
Q

2 Theraputic uses of a tissue stem cell.

A
  1. Corneal transplant
  2. Refeberation of damaged skin
27
Q

Describe corneal transplant

A

Regenerate tissue from stem cell then transplant tpo patient

28
Q

Issue of corneal transplant

A

Organ transplant can be rejected

29
Q

Description of regeneration of damaged skin transplant

A

Can be grown in a lap and transplanted also can be sprayed on

30
Q

Issue with regeneration of damaged skin transplant

A

Can lead to infection

31
Q

What are model cells used to study?

A
  1. How diseases develop
  2. Drug testing
32
Q

How is cancer formed?

A

The cell begins to grow and divide uncontrollably

33
Q

What do cancer cells do?

A

Cancer cells divide excessively because they do not respond to tegulatory signals this ressults in a mass of admornal cells called a tumor

34
Q

How does cancer spread?

A

Cells within the tumout may fail to attach to eachother spreading through the body wher they may form secondary tumours.