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1.4 Managing people Flashcards

1
Q

What is a zero-hours contract

A

employment contract that has minimum of zero hours a week

-employee is not guaranteed any work/ income- only told of their working day few days in advance

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2
Q

Name 4 aspects of treating staff as an asset

A

-permanent contracts
-develop staff skills with training
-pay staff a slary
-nuilds loyalty with staff

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3
Q

Name 4 aspects of treating staff as a cost

A

-flexible contracts
-minimal training offered
-low pay
-often leads to high staff turnover rate

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4
Q

What is a flexible workforce

A

where workers are equipped to do different roles

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5
Q

Why is a flexible workforce useful

A

changing external environments lead to patterns of demand changing –> supply changes

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6
Q

Name 4 methods of achieveing a flexible workforce

A

-multiskilling
-part-time and temporary
-flexible hours and home-working
-outsourcing

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7
Q

What is multiskilling

A

training workers to fulfil multiple job roles

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8
Q

Name 2 benefits and 2 disadvantages of multiskilling

A

+no disruption due to absentees -> ^ productivity
+motivation increases

-increased training budget
-loss of production -> employees switching between jobs

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9
Q

What is outsourcing

A

contracting another business t perform certain business functions

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10
Q

Name 2 reasons why staff are removed from a business

A

-reduction in demand
-disruption from staff

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11
Q

What is redundancy

A

when staff are ridded of when employer needs to reduce the size of its workforce

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12
Q

What is dismissal

A

when staff are ridded of due to misconduct/ incapable of doing
job
- given a period of notice before they leave which length differs depending on how long the employee has worked for the business

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13
Q

What is employer/ employee relations

A

when employer needs tp discuss changes with workforce/ groups of employees

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14
Q

What is collective bargaining

A

when employer discusses problems with one/ few employees for whole workforce

-most commonly- employees represented by trade union

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15
Q

Name 3 reasons why a business needs to recruit

A

-existing staff leaving
-growth of business
-new activities needing new skills

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16
Q

Name the 7 steps involved in the recruitment and selection process

A
  1. determine number & type of employees needed
  2. conduct job analysis for each vacancy
  3. create job description and person spec
  4. advertise vacancy (internally/ externally)
  5. draw up shortlist of most suitable applicants
  6. decide most suitable candidate using appropriate selection method
  7. appoint successful candidate
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17
Q

What are 3 advantages of the growth of part-time and flexible working

A

-cheaper to employ- entiled to less benefits
-flexible workforce
-wide range of potential recruits

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18
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of the growth of part-time and flexible working

A

-employees feel less loyal to business
-harder for managers to control and coordinate workforce

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19
Q

Name 2 reasons why recruitment selection and training can be costly

A

–lost output from replacing employee
-logistical cost of running the process

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20
Q

Name a method of internal recruitment

A
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21
Q

Name 2 benefits of outsourcing

A

-sudden surges of demand can be met quickly
-high-quality services can be offered

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22
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of outsourcing

A

-companies used for outsourcing need their own profit adding to overall costs

-outsourcing arrangements may take time

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23
Q

Name 2 benefits of internal recruitment

A

-cheaper and quicker to recruit
-people already familiar with how business runs

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24
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of internal recruitment

A

-limits number of potential applicants
-no new ideas introduced

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25
Name 2 benefits of external recruitment
-new ideas brought in -wider range of experience
26
Name 2 disadvantages of external recruitment
-longer process -more exoensive- ads, interviews
27
Name the 3 common forms of selection
-interviews- face to face/ phone, questions, convo -testing and profiling- skill levels, identifies personality -assessment centres- selection,
28
What is training
designed to enhance e,ployees existing skills/ develop new skills
29
Name 3 benefits of training
-higher skill levels can boost productivity -wider range of skills- enhance business flexibility -motivates staff
30
Nam 3 disadvantages of training for a business
-training- large financial cost -training- disrupt normal operations of a business -trained staff- more attractive to other businesses
31
What is on the job training and state one benefit and disadvantage
-saves time and cost -less knowledge aquired on methods used elsewhere
32
What us off the joh training and guve a benefit and disadvantage
33
What is an organisational structure
uses heirarchial system -> main descision at top
34
What is span of control
number of subordinates managed by a manager
35
What is delegation
passing descision-making power down organisational structure to lower level
36
What is a centralised structure
organisational structure where descisions are made at very top
37
What is a decentralised structure
descision making passed lower down organisational structure through delegation
38
Name the 3 types of organisational structure
-tall -flat -matrix
39
What is a tall structure
-has many layers -narrow spans of control
40
Name 2 advs and disadvs of tall structures
+allows close supervision of staff +communication within immediate team is excellent -staff may feel not trusted -narrow spans- little scope for staff to use iniative
41
What is a flat structure
-few levels of heirarchy -wide spans of control
42
Name 2 advanates and disadvantages of flat structures
+employees given more responsibility +communication between managers and employees is easier -
43
What is a matrix structure
company structure where teams report to multiple leaders
44
Name 2 advanatages and 2 disadvantages of matrix structures
+working together allows expertise from each department- preventing delays +learning from views of colleagues in other departments helps develop each team member -2 bosses- can be unclear whose order should take priority -getting staff from diff functional areas to agree can be difficult
45
How can organisational structure impact efficiency and motivation
efficiency: -poor communication -> mistakes -departments failing to work together effectively motivation: -opportunities for promotion -responsibility
46
State the 4 key motivation theorists and their theories
-F.W Taylor (scientific management) -Elton Mayo (human relations) -Maslow (hierarchy of needs) -herzberg (two-factor theory)
47
What is FW Taylor's theory for motivation
-'money motivates' -theory -> ppl only work to maximise their own income -to get ppl to work harder -> money should be used as an incentive (or removal of money as threat)
48
Where is FW Taylor's work visible in jobs today
-piece-rate pay -commission -used to incentivise more work being completed
49
What is Elton Mayo's theory
-human relations theory -workers motivated by having social needs met -gain satisfaction from freedom# -workers should work in teams
50
What are the two approaches to motivate employees
- financial - non financial
51
Taylor's theory in terms of managing
- managers maintain close control over employees - managers make all decisions
52
list the heirarchy of needs from top to bottom?
- self actualisation - esteem -social - safety - psychological
53
What is employee engagement
workplace approach -ensure employees are commited to organisation's goals and values , motivated to contribute to organisational success and are at same tune to enhance their own sense of well-being
54
What is Maslows theory
-humans have 5 sets of needs -can be arrange in hierarchy -> basic needs at bottom, higher-level needs at top -only once lower level is met would worker be motivated by higher level
55
What is Herzberg's theory
-two key factors in a workplace: motivators, hygiene factors -motivators- directly motivate workforce -hygeine- factors that demotivateif not present (pay, working conditions)
56
Name 4 factors that influence organisational structure
-size of business -> small - flat structure, large - more complicated -type of business -> mutiple locations?, overseas operations? -management, leadership style -> -competitive environment -> suppliers?, competitior actions?
57
Name 2 reasons why narrow span of control good
-allows for closer supervision of employees -more effective communication
58
Name 2 reasons why wide span of control is good
-gives employees more chance for independence -reduces labour costs -> less managers
59
What is chain of command
describes the lines of authority within a business
60
What is levels of hierarchy
number of layers of management/ supervision in the organisation structure
61
What is delayering
removing layers of management from the hierarchy of the organisation
62
Name 4 factors which encourage managers to change their organisational structure
-reduce costs, complexity -boost employee motivation -customer service improvements -quality improvements
63
What is employee empowerment
giving employees the power to do their job
64
2 adavntages and disadvantages of delegation
+reduces management stress +employees empowered, motivated -may increase workload -depends on quality of subordinates
65
Name 4 advantages of a well motivated workforce
-better productivity -better quality -decreased absenteeism -lower training, recruitment costs
66
Describe the 4 motivational theorists views on pay
-taylor -> only one who thought pay motivated -mayo, maslow, herzberg -> non-financial rewards; teamwork -> better incentive
67
Name 4 main financial incentives that motivate
-wages -> paid per hour worked, receive end of week -salaries -> annual sum of money paid at end of each month -commission -> paid according to no. of products sold -performance related pay -> paid to those who meet certain targets
68
Name 4 non-financial incentives that motivate
-empowerment -> delegating power to employees -praise -> recognition for good work -promotion -> promoting employees to a higher position -job enrichment -> give employees more challenging tasks
69
Name 2 ways it can be argued that staff are an asset to a business
-can ^ productivity, drive innovation, enhance customer service -> contribute to success & profitability of business -can help to build a positive reputation for business
70
Name 4 ways it can be argued that staff generate costs to a business
-hiring and training costs -salary costs -additional benefits -> company cars, healthcare, prensions -redundancy payments
71
How does the national minimum wage impact staffing costs
if government raises national minimum wage -> businesses employing on a wage basis -> ^ labour costs -doesnt impact businesses that employ workers on a salary basis

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