1.4 - Lipids Flashcards
What are lipids?
A diverse group of compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents e.g ethanol
Name four important lipids
- Triglycerides a.k.a fats (most common)
- Waxes
- Steroids
- Cholesterol
Explain the difference between the C, H & O ratio in carbohydrates & lipids
Lipids have a higher proportion of H & a lower proportion of O than carbohydrates
What is the main role of lipids? How does this role compare the carbohydrates?
- Main role of lipids is as an energy source
- Provides more than twice the amount of energy as carbohydrates
Where are lipids stored?
In adipose tissue (body fat)
Describe the two other roles of lipids (apart from as an energy source)
Heat insulation - adipose tissue (underneath skin of mammals) helps reduce heat loss
Protection - Adipose tissue around delicate organs e.g kidneys acts as cushion against impacts
Name the two smaller molecules that make up lipids
Glycerol & fatty acids
What is glycerol?
3C alcohol w/ -OH (hydroxyl) group attached to each C
What is a fatty acid?
Consists of -COOH (carboxyl) group attached to a long C skeleton
What is a saturated fatty acid?
- It has the max. no. of H atoms possible
- No double bonds
What is a unsaturated fatty acid?
Have one or more double bonds
What does polyunsaturated mean?
Has 2 or more double bonds
What does monounsaturated mean?
Has one double bond
Describe the structure of a phospholipid
- Has 2 fatty acids & glycerol attached to phosphate group
- Fatty acid tails are hydrophobic
- Phosphate head (w/ glycerol) is hydrophilic
Why do fats separate from water?
Water molecules H bond to each other & exclude the fats