1.2 - Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is a monosaccharide and what is its function?

Answer 1

• Single monomer
• Simple sugar
• Major energy source
• Components of nucleic acids & many lipids

Question 2

Give a common example of a monosaccharide.

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

What is an oligosaccharide and what is its function?

Answer 3

• chain of 2-20 monomers
• Have structural & regulatory functions
• Associated with proteins & lipids

Question 4

How many monomers is a disaccharide made up of?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

What is a polysaccharide and what is its function?

Answer 5

• chain of >20 monomers

- Functions in structure & storage in all organisms

Question 6

Name the 3 main examples of polysaccharides

Answer 6

• Starch
• Glycogen
• Cellulose

Question 7

In terms of molecular formula what are monosaccharides multiples of?

Answer 7

CH2O

Question 8

Name the two forms of glucose

Answer 8

• Alpha glucose

- Beta glucose

Question 9

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 9

• A reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single molecule
• & a small molecule (usually water) is removed
• A covalent bond is then formed

Question 10

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 10

A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down the bonds of a particular substance (2 molecules produced from 1)

Question 11

What is the name for the substance made up of linear chains of glucose?

Answer 11

Amylose

Question 12

What is the name for the substance made up of branched chains of glucose?

Answer 12

Amylopectin

Question 13

What two molecules is starch made from?

Answer 13

Amylose & amylopectin

Question 14

What is the monomer of starch?

Answer 14

Alpha glucose

Question 15

Describe the structure & function of glycogen

Answer 15

• Amylose chain is shorter (than in starch) with more branches
• Stored in liver & muscle cells
• More compact than starch
• Break down to release energy

Question 16

Describe the structure & function of cellulose

Answer 16

• Chains of beta glucose (different from amylase chains)
• Not coiled
• Stronger (than other two polysaccharides)
• Cross linked to form microfibrils of the cell wall

Question 17

What is the monomer of glycogen?

Answer 17

Alpha glucose

Question 18

Is starch found in plants or animals?

Answer 18

Plant

Question 19

Is cellulose found in plants or animals?

Answer 19

Plants

Question 20

Is glycogen found in plants or animals?

Answer 20

Animals

Question 21

Are all the polysaccharides branched? If not which ones are?

Answer 21

Not all but some:

• Glycogen
• Starch can be branched OR unbranched as amylopectin is branched but amylose is not