1.2 - Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a monosaccharide and what is its function?
- Single monomer
- Simple sugar
- Major energy source
- Components of nucleic acids & many lipids
Give a common example of a monosaccharide.
Glucose
What is an oligosaccharide and what is its function?
- chain of 2-20 monomers
- Have structural & regulatory functions
- Associated with proteins & lipids
How many monomers is a disaccharide made up of?
2
What is a polysaccharide and what is its function?
- chain of >20 monomers
- Functions in structure & storage in all organisms
Name the 3 main examples of polysaccharides
- Starch
- Glycogen
- Cellulose
In terms of molecular formula what are monosaccharides multiples of?
CH2O
Name the two forms of glucose
- Alpha glucose
- Beta glucose
What is a condensation reaction?
- A reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single molecule
- & a small molecule (usually water) is removed
- A covalent bond is then formed
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down the bonds of a particular substance (2 molecules produced from 1)
What is the name for the substance made up of linear chains of glucose?
Amylose
What is the name for the substance made up of branched chains of glucose?
Amylopectin
What two molecules is starch made from?
Amylose & amylopectin
What is the monomer of starch?
Alpha glucose
Describe the structure & function of glycogen
- Amylose chain is shorter (than in starch) with more branches
- Stored in liver & muscle cells
- More compact than starch
- Break down to release energy
