14. Intrinsic Foot Flashcards
Explain adduction and abduction of your toes.
Adduction: torwards midline
abduction: away from midline
midline: midline of 2nd digit
Identify this muscle. (blue)
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS
(3 muscle bellies)
ori: dorsal aspect of calcaneus
ins: base of 2-4 middle phalanges
inn: deep fibular n
act: extend 2-4 digits
Identify the muscle in green.
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS BREVIS
ori: dorsal aspect of calcaneus
ins: base of 1st proximal phalanx
inn: deep fibular n
act: extend big toe
With who does the deep fibular n run w?
deep fibular n runs w anterior tibial a
Explain the blood flow in the foot. (dorsal)
Explain the innervation of the leg down to the foot. (dorsal)
Explain the dorsal dermatomes of foot and leg.
What is this structure?
Plantar aponeurosis:
top part: superficial transver metatarsal ligaments
bottom: transver fasicles
main support of longitudinal arch
stops skin from moving too much
What is plantar fasciitis?
inflammed or torn plantar aponeurosis (near heel) due to overwork of muscle near heel
Identify the muscle in blue.
FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS(plantar: 1st layer)
ori: calcaneol tuberosity
ins: base of 2-5 middle phalanges
inn: medial plantar n
act; flex distal interphalangeal joints
(snake tongue: outside: brevis, tongue: longus)
What is the muscle in orange
ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS (plantar:1st layer)
ori: calcaneal tuberosity
ins: base of 1stproximal phalanx
inn: medial plantar n
act;abduct bigtoe
Identify the muscle in green
ABDUCTOR DIGIT MINIMI (plantar:1st layer)
ori: calcaneal tuberosity
ins: base of 5th metatarsal and base of 5th proximal phalanx
inn: lateral plantar n
act; abduct pinky toe
Identify the muscle in blue and purple.
purple: flexor digitorum longus
blue: QUADRATUR PLANTAE (plantar: 2nd layer)
ori: calcaneal tuberosity
ins: tendon of flexor digitorum longus
inn: lateral plantar
act;flex toes, maintain arch
Identify the muscle in orange and green.
LUMBRICALS (plantar: 2nd layer)
(4)
ori: tendon of flexor digitorum longus
ins: extensor expansions 2-5 digits
inn: green: lateral plantar, orange: medial plantar
act; extend at IPJ and flex and metatarsophalangeal joints
Identify the muscle in blue
FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS (plantar: 3rd layer)
on sesamoid bones
medial and lateral heads
ori: cuboid, lateral cuneiforms
ins: base of 1 proximal phalanx
inn: medial & lateral plantar n
act: flex toe
identify the muscle in orange
FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS (plantar: 3rd layer)
ori: base of 5th metatarsal
ins: base of 5th proximal phalanx
inn: superficial branch of lateral plantar n
act: flex a MTP joint
Identify the muscle in green.
ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS (plantar: 3rd layer)
light green: transverse head
ori: base of 3-5 metatarsal
ins: base 1st proximal phalans
dark green: oblique head
ori: base 2-4 metatarsals
ins: base of 1 proximal phalanx
inn: deep branch of lateral plantar n
act: adduct foot
Identify the muscle in blue.
PLANTAR INTEROSSEUS (plantar: 4th layer)
ori: medial side of 3-5 metatarsals
ins: base of 3-5 proximal phalanges
inn: deep branch of lateral plantar n
act: adduction
identify the muscle in green
DORSAL INTEROSSEUS (plantar: 4th layer)
ori: shaft of 1-5 metatarsal
ins: base of 2-4 proximal phalanges
inn: deep branch of lateral plantar n
act: abduction
Where can the plantar interosseus and dorsal interosseus be seen?
both visible on plantar side
only dorsal interosseus visible on dorsal side
Identify the muscle in purple
OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI (plantar:4th layer)
ori: long plantar ligament
ins: shaft of 5th metatarsal
inn: superficial branch of lateral plantar n
act: opposes
Explain the plantar blood supply.
Explain the plantar nerve supply.
Explain the different layers of muscles in the plantar aspect of the foot.
1st layer: abductor hallicus, abductor digit minimi, flexor digitorum brevis
2nd layer: quandratus plantar, lumbricals
3rd: flexor hallicus brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallicus
4th layer: opponens digiti minimi, plantar interrosseus, dorsal interosseus
Describe the myotomes of the back, trunk and upper limb.
CI-C2: i nod to you (neck flexion & extension)
C2-C3: don’t tickle me (neck lateral flexion)
C4: i dont know (shoulder elevation)
C5: feel alive (shoulder abduction, flexion, medial rotation)
C6-C7-C8: close the gate (shoulder adduction, extension, medial rotation)
C5-C6: pick up the sticks (elbow flexion)
C7-C8: lay em straigh (elbow extension)
C5-C6: flick the wrist (forearm supponation)
C7-C8: time is late (forearm pronation)
C6-C7: fly up to heaven (wrist flexion&extension)
C7: Rock (Finger flexion, thumb extension)
C8: Paper (finger extension)
T1: Scissors (abduction, adduction finger)
Describe the myotomes of the lower limb.
L2-L3: i bend my knee (hip flexion)
L3-L4: i kick the door (knee extension)
L4-L5: point up to the sky (dorsi flexion)
L5-S1: i kick my bum (knee flexion)
S1-S2: stand on my shoes (plantar flexion)
L1-L2-L3: modesty closes the door (hip adduction)
L5-S1-S2: the opposite is true (hip abduction)
L4: medial off the floor (inversion)
L5-S1: lateral up to the sun (eversion)
Which anterior rami are tested in this bicep jerk reflex?
C5-C6
Which anterior rami are tested during the knee jerk reflex?
L3-L4
Which anterior rami are tested during a tricep jerk reflex?
C7-C8
Which anterior rami are tested during the ankle jerk reflex?
