1.4 HVIII after 1529 Flashcards
The changes from 1529-1536…
had little impact on the doctrine of the church, but gave henry legal power over it
When did doctrinal changes to the church arguably begin
1536, the dissolution of monasteries
what suggests henry was reluctant to break with rome
the length he spent trying to persuade the pope for a divorce
- The first act of Annates was conditional, giving the pope an oppurtunity to grant the divorce in return for an abandonment of the break.
- he applied pressure on the church to force his agreement and weaken the attempts for the church to resist.
What allowed Henry to claim the church needed reform
in 1529, parliament, MPs attacked what they claimed were widespread abuses from the church.
Act of Submission of the Clergy
1532 - church surrenders right to enact clerical laws
Act in restraint of annates
1532 - banned most clerical taxes to rome, gives Henry the right to appoint bishops
List 3 legal reforms HVIII did 1532
1530 - charged church w praeminure, later withdrew it for a fine
1532 - Act of Submission of the clergy
1532 - Act in restraint of annates
By the end of 1532, had HVIII achieved anything with the pope?
No, he had only destroyed church resistance
List 5 legal reforms HVIIII did 1533-1536
And what do these indicate
1533 - Act in restraint of appeals
1534 - Act of Succession
1534 - Act of Supremacy
1534 - Act for first fruit and tenths
1534 - Treason act
^ none of these are doctrinal, only removing power from the pope and giving it to the king.
The act for first fruit also gives money to the king.
what did parliament achieve from 1533-1536
Abolished papal authority in england through a series of statutes
Act in restraint of Annates
1532 - banned payments to rome
The first one was conditional, giving the pope the chance to grant the divorce.
Act in restraint of appeals
1533 - foreign powers (pope) cannot intervine in england
: catherine cant appeal to the pope on the divorce
Act of Supremacy
1534 - Confirmed henry was the supreme head of the church
Treason act
1534 - Made it treason to not swear the oath of supremacy, or to deny the kings supremacy
Act of Succession
1534 - Ends Marriage w Catherine, Made Mary Illigetimate
It is treason to question Anne and Henry’s marriage
Argument against the idea HVIII wanted wealth and thats why he did the reformation
He didnt make lots of money until years in
It was only with the dissolution of monasteries, in 1536, that henry gained substantially .
Argument that HVIII wanted wealth and thats why he did the reformation
-1530 charge of praeminure showed He could easily obtain money from the church
- Cromwell promised to make henry “the richest man in christendom”
How was the dissolution of monasteries a direct assault on purgatory?
Monks spent much of their time praying for souls of the dead.
by 1536, would the church ever be able to challenge the state again?
no.
There was a significant shift in power from the church to the state.
Describe the religious changes of 1536-39
A swing towards protestantism / reform
describe the Religious changes of 1539-40
A return to more catholic / traditional
describe the religious changes of 1541-43
A period of religious confusion
describe the religious changes of 1544-47
Triumph of the reformed faction
Act for first fruit and tenths
1534 - holders of church jobs had to pass some money on to the king.
list religious developments from 1536-39
1536 - dissolution of smaller monasteries
1536 - Act of ten articles
1537 - Bishops book
1537 - Matthews bible
1538 - John Lambert executed
1539 - dissolution of greater monasteries
1539 - Act of Six articles
List 2 religious developments 1536-9 which were more catholic leaning
1538 - John lambert executed
1539 - Act of Six articles
Act of Ten Articles
1536 , Rejected 4 of the 7 sacraments of catholicism
Bishop’s book
1537 - Status of preists, mass and purgatory were vague, the book reduced their importance
Matthews bible
1537- Protestant Bible
John Lambert
A man who henry had executed in 1538 for rejecting the catholic beleif in transubstantiation
Act of Six articles
1539 - Confirmed Transubstantiation
5 Argument that cromwell mostly influenced religious change 1536-39
- He pressured bishops to agree to the bible in english
- issued the royal injunctions
- Influenced the bishop’s book
- one of the charges brought against him were his religious beleifs
- When cromwell was executed, Henry married a catholic wife- catherine howard
The period of religious confusion / 1540-43
1539 Act of Six articles
1540 Henry Marries Catherine Howard, Executes cromwell
1543 act for advancement of true religion - restricts access to the bible
Henry protected cranmer from attacks from the catholic faction
Act for advancement of true religion
1543 - restricts access to the bible
still allows the bible in english
Religious developments 1544-47
- 1544- english litany
- 1545 act dissolving the chantries was passed but not enforced
- Edward given a protestant tutor
- 1546 Anne askew burnt for denying transubstantiation
- triumph of the reformists - they controlled the king’s will and dry stamp
Anne askew
Burnt for denying transubstantiation in 1546
Valor Ecclesiasticus
1535 census on the wealth of the church.
At the same time cromwell sent inspectorates to monasteries.
Argument that the Larger monasteries were dissolved for money
The act closing smaller monasteries praised the larger ones, therefore at that stage (1536) there was no plan to close them
how much did crown income increase thanks to the dissolution of monasteries
doubled
Why cromwell had to exxagerate the corruption of monasteries
- people valued not just the religious, but also social work of the monasteries, as was evident in the Pilgrimage of grace
4 Religious motives to dissolve the monasteries
- Monasteries support purgatory by offering prayers for the dead
- Protestants dont beleive in the value of religious houses
- Monestaries owed alliegence to powers outside of england , going against the Act in Restraint of appeals
- Many opps to the reformation were monks
4 Financial motives to dissolve the monasteries
- Henry had already spent his inheritance on wars from france
- 1530s, threat of catholic crusade/ invasion
- Funds would remove the need for parliamentary taxation
- land could be used to buy off opposition eg. Norfolk
2 people who were executed for not swearing the oath of supremacy
Sir Thomas More
John Fisher
^ Both opposed due to religious reasons.
List 4 forms of opposition to religious change before 1536
- Thomas more resigned + refused oath , executed
- John fished refused oath, executed
- Monks + Friars resisted changes, were executed or starved
- Elizabeth barton - made prophecies against divorce - executed
why was there limited opposition to HVIII’s reformation especially before 1536
- there had been no change to doctrine / church rituals
- May have thought Henry would restore the pope after his divorce
How many did the pilgrimage of grace have,
what was the proportion to HVIII’s army?
40,0000
outnumbered what force HVIII could raise 5:1
The pilgrimage of grace included all classes: how far is this true?
It is true, however gentry support dissapeared when royal forces came near.
reasons the pilgrimage of grace was serious
- rebel “host” armies far outnumbered the king
- rebels had control of york in north
- rebels controlled pontefract castle in south
- well organised under robert aske’s leadership
- attracted support to all classes
6 Arguments the pilgrimage of grace was religious
- the timing
- aske claimed dissolution was the “great cause” of the rebellion
- rebels restored some monks to their monasteries
- the pilgrim oath + the ballad from the rising stressed the religious element
- the number of religious greivances in rebel demands
- the rising began and lasted longest in areas around monasteries
4 Arguments the pilgrimage of grace was not religious
- poor harvests 1535/6
- Enclosure an issue in York
- complaints about cromwell and other advisers
- supporters of catherine/ mary saw rebellion as the only way to restore their influence
5 why was there not more opposition after 1536?
- the moves to protestantism were piecemeal
- Henry remained catholic, giving the impression catholic practice was still acceptable
- it is your duty to obey the monarch
- opposition was surpressed with the treason act 1534
- direct correspondence (letters to JPS) used by cromwell to create fear
