1.2 Henry VII's foreign policy Flashcards
Why was England’s Military power weak in 1485
It had no standing army
The Hundred Years war
War between England + France which lost all English land on the continent except calais.
Why was it important to retain freindship w netherlands
It was the centre of cloth trade, England’s most important export
Which country provided Henry with Refuge during Exile
Brittany
How had france supported henry
1485, gave him financial aid for his invasion
3 reasons france was a danger to england
- Largest, most Professional army in europe
- Financially stronger
- Auld alliance with scotland
Auld alliance
Alliance between France and Scotland
Why was scotland a nuisance
common raids forced england to keep expensive garrisons on the border
Why was spain unlikely to come into conflict with england
- Prioritised driving moors out of granada
- Securing their northern border with france
- england might be seen as a useful ally against france
Margaret of Burgundy
Enemy of Henry
Made burgundy into a base for yorkist claimants
The HRE also acquired which country recently
Burgundy
When did italian wars break out and why was this good for HVII
1494
France, Spain, HRE all fighting over land
This diverted european attention from himself.
What were HVII’s foreign policy aims
- Gain recognition of the tudor dynasty
- national security
- defence of english trading interests
what was more important : Foreign Policy, or Ensuring the obedience of his subjects
Ensuring the Obedience of his subjects
What two countries did Henry secure truces with, which extended to 1489
- France: a 1 year truce which was later extended to 1489
- Scotland: 3 year truce signed in 1486
What did henry sign with brittany in 1486
commercial treaty
What happened in 1488 which improved scottish relations
James III assassinated, Brought young James IV to throne
With who did Henry renew a treaty in 1487
Maximillian, Heir to HRE.
Breton Crisis
- Brittany could be swallowed by france
- This would mean french control the entire coast
- Forced henry to adopt an agressive policy
- Both Spain and HRE backed down
- Brittany was taken , However, Etaples was favourable to england
treaty of Redon 1489
- Henry sent 6,000 men to defend brittany
- The bretons paid for this themselves
- the small number indicates his unwillingness to join the conflict.
1492 invasion of france
- By the time they arrived, campaigning season was almost over
- French king more interested in invading Italy
- Treaty of Etaples was favourable
Treaty of Etaples
- Following 1492 invasion of france
- France will not aid english rebels
- HVII gained an annual pension of around £5000 a year
League of Venice 1495
Aimed to drive france out of italy
Excluded england, as england wasn’t involved in the italian wars
Holy League 1496
- revamped League of Venice
- Henry invited as Ferdinand was afraid england would support france
- Henry joined on condition he was not bound to go to war w france: england was allowed to remain neutral.
What did Henry also secure at the same time as Joining the Holy league 1496
Trade agreement w france
What 3- way agreement did henry try to create towards the end of his reign and why did it fail
- England, France and Netherlands. In an Anti - Ferdinand alliance.
- Louis Of france was too scared of antagonising ferdinand after they came to an agreement over italy
England was isolated from the league created in 1508, which was anti - venice.
This was fine because?
- The members still supported Henry
- The league didn’t threaten any of England’s Interests
Did Scotland like Henry or Richard III more
Henry
Following JIII’s assassination, What did Henry do to improve scottish relations
- maintained contacts with scottish nobility , led by Earl of Angus who favoured English relations
- 1492 , aided a coup which put Angus , and pro- english back into power
- resulted in a 9 year truce in 1493
What happened in scotland 1495
James IV came of age, wanted to go to war against traditional enemy.
Warbeck also landed in scotland that year and married James;s cousin.
How did Perkin Warbeck’s 1496 invasion go
- invaded from scotland
- got no support in england
- James realises hes of limited value
- James does not take advantage of the cornish rising
- Truce of Ayton Signed 1497
When / What is the Truce of Ayton
1497
Peace treaty w scotland following warbeck’s failed 1496 invasion
Became a full treaty in 1499 with the execution of warbeck
Over 100 years since the last scottish peace treaty, making it a huge achievement.
2 reasons the Auld alliance didn’t live up to it’s name “perpetual peace”
- scottish border raids continued
- James’s expansion of his navy caused tensions in Henry’s late reign
Who did Henry VII’s Eldest daughter marry and when
1503 - Margaret married James IV
