14 - HL chemical bonding and structure

Question 1

Sigma bonds

Answer 1

head on collision with two orbitals and is in every bond. electron density in concentrated between the nuclei of bonding atoms

Question 2

Pi bond

Answer 2

formed by sideways overlap of particles in double and triply bonds (double bond as one sigma and one pi bond). pi bond results in electron density above and below the pale of the nuclei of bonding atoms

Question 3

formal charge

Answer 3

used to determine preferred structure and it assumes the octant rule always works and all atoms have the same electronegativity
FC=n. valence electrons - non-bonding electrons - half the bonding electrons

Question 4

catalysts of ozone depletion (and radicals)

Answer 4

CFC (Cl radicals), nitrogen oxides NOx (NO)

Question 5

Hybridisation

Answer 5

is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals of equal energy