14 FINAL Unit 1-2 Flashcards
What is the definition of energy?
A property or quality of a thing that gives it the ability to move or do work
Definition of photosynthesis and cellular resparation?
The process by which chloroplasts convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose
The process that converts glucose into useable energy inside a cell
How are food chains connected to a pyramid of energy?
Shows the total amount of chemical energy flowing through each feeding level in a food chain
What % of energy is transferred in the pyramid
10%
What are food chains vs. food webs?
Chain: shows how energy and matter go from one to another organism inside an eco system
Web: a more complex model for showing energy
What are factors that affect the size of a population and it’s carrying capacity
- Death rate
- Birth rate
- Immigrate
- Emigrate
What is a carrying capacity?
The maximum number of individuals a place can support
Difference of biotic and abiotic factors on population sizes
Biotic: A living thing
Abiotic: A Non-living thing
What is the definition of an ecosystem?
A community of living things and the non-living environment in which they live
Definition of an exotic/ invasive species and its effects on ecosystems
Any species introduced into an ecosystem where it does not occur naturally
- kill other animals
- cause chaos
What are the 3 requirements for an eco system?
- living things interact with another
- living things interact with other species
- living things interact with abiotic factors
What is the definition of climate?
Average weather conditions (long term)
What do humans use to create lots of usable energy for use in power companies, factories, homes, etc.?
Greenhouse gasses
What is the greenhouse effect?
Earth’s atmosphere contains a blanket of gasses to keep earth warm. This is the greenhouse effect
What is kinetic energy, and how is it related to the movement of particles?
Energy due to how much motion or movement something like particles have. Particles that are hot move fast and cold particles move slow
What is the relationship between the speed of particles in a substance and its temperature?
Cold particles move very slowly
Hot particles move very fast
What is conduction? Convection? And radiation?
- transfer of heat direct contact
-transfer of heat through gas or liquid particle movement - transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves like a fire
What are some examples of conduction, convection and radiation?
Conduction: cast iron pan
Convection: wind
Radiation: fire
What is a specific heat capacity AKA SHC
Measures a substances ability to absorb heat
If something has a high or low SHC what happens?
High: It takes longer to heat up
Low: It takes faster to heat up
What is insulation? What is the importance of an R-value
Any material that slows heat transfer
Describes how well something slows heat transfer, Higher R-Value is better
What is the definition of work?
Using energy to apply a force that will move an object
What is force? How is it related to work?
Any push or pull. force is the ability to move objects by pushing
How do you calculate work?
Work = Force × Distance
W= F × d
What are the three things required for work to occur?
Force must be applied
Must travel a distance
Force and distance have to be in the same direction
What are levers? What are 3 different parts?
Bars that pivot on a fulcrum
- Fulcrum
- Load
- Effort
What are the different classes of levers?
First class lever
Second class lever
Third class lever
What makes 3 levers different?
First: fulcrum middle between load and effort
Second: load in middle between fulcrum and effort
Third: effort in middle between fulcrum and load
What is a pulley? What are the different parts?
A grooved wheel with a rope wrapped around it.
- Load
- Effort
What are the two different pulleys?
Fixed
Moveable
What are the different parts of the organization of life?
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Organelles
- cells
- tissues
- Organs
- organ system
- organism
What are the different organelles of a cell?
Nucleus- the brain
Cytoplasm- holds all in place
Mitochondria- cell respiration
Vacuole- stores water food, waste
ER- transports materials from cell
Golgi- transports protein in small sacs called vesicles
What organelles are specific to plant cells?
- Chloroplasts
- Cell wall
What are life functions?
All activities carried out by cells and organ systems.
What are the 7 life functions?
- Transportation
- Nutrition
- Growth & Repair
- Reproduction
- Regulation
- Metabolism
- Synthesis
What are the different parts of the circulatory system?
- Heart
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
What is carried by blood?
- Oxygen
- Carbon Dioxide
- Nutrients
- waste products
What are the nutrients we need in our diet
- Carbohydrates: energy
- Proteins: supply energy when fats and carbs are N/A
- Fats: Supply energy when carbs are N/A
What are the different parts of the digestive system?
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
- Anus
What is homeostasis?
The body’s tendency or ability to maintain an internal equilibrium
- Regulates body
What are some examples of homeostasis?
- Breathing faster
- kidneys getting rid of waste
- heart beating faster
- Insulin
What are the 3 states of matter?
- Solid: Tightly packed particles
- Liquid: Farther apart particles
- Gas: loosely packed particles
What are elements?
Building blocks of all matter
What are the rows and columns on the periodic table?
Rows: Periods
Colums: Groups
What is the staircase used for in the periodic table?
To separate metals, non- metals and metaloids
What is a chemical formula? What are the parts?
What scientists use to represent compounds
- Letters
- Subscript numbers
- Subscript letters
What is the difference between mechanical mixtures and solutions
Mixtures: more then one particle
Solutions: looks like one particle
What is a solute, Vs. Solvent?
Solute: Being dissolved
Solvent: doing the dissolving
What is a concentration of a solution?
The amount of solute in a solution
What are 3 ways we can increase solubility?
- Stir
- Heat up
- emulsifying agent
