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Science > 14 FINAL Unit 1-2 > Flashcards

14 FINAL Unit 1-2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of energy?

A

A property or quality of a thing that gives it the ability to move or do work

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2
Q

Definition of photosynthesis and cellular resparation?

A

The process by which chloroplasts convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose

The process that converts glucose into useable energy inside a cell

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3
Q

How are food chains connected to a pyramid of energy?

A

Shows the total amount of chemical energy flowing through each feeding level in a food chain

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4
Q

What % of energy is transferred in the pyramid

A

10%

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5
Q

What are food chains vs. food webs?

A

Chain: shows how energy and matter go from one to another organism inside an eco system

Web: a more complex model for showing energy

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6
Q

What are factors that affect the size of a population and it’s carrying capacity

A
  • Death rate
  • Birth rate
  • Immigrate
  • Emigrate
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7
Q

What is a carrying capacity?

A

The maximum number of individuals a place can support

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8
Q

Difference of biotic and abiotic factors on population sizes

A

Biotic: A living thing

Abiotic: A Non-living thing

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9
Q

What is the definition of an ecosystem?

A

A community of living things and the non-living environment in which they live

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10
Q

Definition of an exotic/ invasive species and its effects on ecosystems

A

Any species introduced into an ecosystem where it does not occur naturally
- kill other animals
- cause chaos

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11
Q

What are the 3 requirements for an eco system?

A
  • living things interact with another
  • living things interact with other species
  • living things interact with abiotic factors
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12
Q

What is the definition of climate?

A

Average weather conditions (long term)

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13
Q

What do humans use to create lots of usable energy for use in power companies, factories, homes, etc.?

A

Greenhouse gasses

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14
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

Earth’s atmosphere contains a blanket of gasses to keep earth warm. This is the greenhouse effect

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15
Q

What is kinetic energy, and how is it related to the movement of particles?

A

Energy due to how much motion or movement something like particles have. Particles that are hot move fast and cold particles move slow

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16
Q

What is the relationship between the speed of particles in a substance and its temperature?

A

Cold particles move very slowly

Hot particles move very fast

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17
Q

What is conduction? Convection? And radiation?

A
  • transfer of heat direct contact
    -transfer of heat through gas or liquid particle movement
  • transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves like a fire
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18
Q

What are some examples of conduction, convection and radiation?

A

Conduction: cast iron pan
Convection: wind
Radiation: fire

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19
Q

What is a specific heat capacity AKA SHC

A

Measures a substances ability to absorb heat

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20
Q

If something has a high or low SHC what happens?

A

High: It takes longer to heat up

Low: It takes faster to heat up

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21
Q

What is insulation? What is the importance of an R-value

A

Any material that slows heat transfer
Describes how well something slows heat transfer, Higher R-Value is better

22
Q

What is the definition of work?

A

Using energy to apply a force that will move an object

23
Q

What is force? How is it related to work?

A

Any push or pull. force is the ability to move objects by pushing

24
Q

How do you calculate work?

A

Work = Force × Distance

W= F × d

25
Q

What are the three things required for work to occur?

A

Force must be applied
Must travel a distance
Force and distance have to be in the same direction

26
Q

What are levers? What are 3 different parts?

A

Bars that pivot on a fulcrum
- Fulcrum
- Load
- Effort

27
Q

What are the different classes of levers?

A

First class lever
Second class lever
Third class lever

28
Q

What makes 3 levers different?

A

First: fulcrum middle between load and effort
Second: load in middle between fulcrum and effort
Third: effort in middle between fulcrum and load

29
Q

What is a pulley? What are the different parts?

A

A grooved wheel with a rope wrapped around it.
- Load
- Effort

30
Q

What are the two different pulleys?

A

Fixed

Moveable

31
Q

What are the different parts of the organization of life?

A
  • Atoms
  • Molecules
  • Organelles
  • cells
  • tissues
  • Organs
  • organ system
  • organism
32
Q

What are the different organelles of a cell?

A

Nucleus- the brain
Cytoplasm- holds all in place
Mitochondria- cell respiration
Vacuole- stores water food, waste
ER- transports materials from cell
Golgi- transports protein in small sacs called vesicles

33
Q

What organelles are specific to plant cells?

A
  • Chloroplasts
  • Cell wall
34
Q

What are life functions?

A

All activities carried out by cells and organ systems.

35
Q

What are the 7 life functions?

A
  • Transportation
  • Nutrition
  • Growth & Repair
  • Reproduction
  • Regulation
  • Metabolism
  • Synthesis
36
Q

What are the different parts of the circulatory system?

A
  • Heart
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
37
Q

What is carried by blood?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Nutrients
  • waste products
38
Q

What are the nutrients we need in our diet

A
  • Carbohydrates: energy
  • Proteins: supply energy when fats and carbs are N/A
  • Fats: Supply energy when carbs are N/A
39
Q

What are the different parts of the digestive system?

A
  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Anus
40
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The body’s tendency or ability to maintain an internal equilibrium
- Regulates body

41
Q

What are some examples of homeostasis?

A
  • Breathing faster
  • kidneys getting rid of waste
  • heart beating faster
  • Insulin
42
Q

What are the 3 states of matter?

A
  • Solid: Tightly packed particles
  • Liquid: Farther apart particles
  • Gas: loosely packed particles
43
Q

What are elements?

A

Building blocks of all matter

44
Q

What are the rows and columns on the periodic table?

A

Rows: Periods

Colums: Groups

45
Q

What is the staircase used for in the periodic table?

A

To separate metals, non- metals and metaloids

46
Q

What is a chemical formula? What are the parts?

A

What scientists use to represent compounds
- Letters
- Subscript numbers
- Subscript letters

47
Q

What is the difference between mechanical mixtures and solutions

A

Mixtures: more then one particle
Solutions: looks like one particle

48
Q

What is a solute, Vs. Solvent?

A

Solute: Being dissolved
Solvent: doing the dissolving

49
Q

What is a concentration of a solution?

A

The amount of solute in a solution

50
Q

What are 3 ways we can increase solubility?

A
  • Stir
  • Heat up
  • emulsifying agent

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