1.4 Development perspective on depression

Question 1

Waar gaat artikel Zhou et al over?

Zhou et al. (2020)

Answer 1

Treatments in children and adolescents.
Antidepressants, psychotherapy and combination for accute treatment

Question 2

Young people with depression have higher risk of:

Zhou et al. (2020)

Answer 2

1. Heightened impairment in educational and social functioning
2. Substance abuse
3. Smoking
4. Suicide compared to adults with depression
5. Obesity

Question 3

Results

Efficacy

Zhou et al. (2020)

Answer 3

Depressive symptoms assessed through average overall score.

1. Fluoxetine and CBT, and fluoxetine alone were effective.
2. Fluoxetine and CBT were better than CBT alone.
3. Publication bias for efficacy likely, but not for acceptability.
4. IPT had more efficacy than all psychological controls.

Question 4

Results

Acceptability

Zhou et al. (2020)

Answer 4

Percentage of participants who withdrew from study for any reason
1. Nefazodone & fluoxetine fewer dropouts
2. TCA had more dropouts than other interventions
3. FLuoxetine and psychological treatment did not differ in treatment discontinuation
4. Venlafaxine had increased the risk of suicide in young people.

Question 5

Results found were opposite of findings in adults, possible explanations:

Zhou et al. (2020)

Answer 5

1. Hormones in adolescents could be more sensitive to emotional responses to nega social stimuli
2. Smaller number sample size for young people
3. Difference in design methods –> could lead to higher placebo responses.
4. Therapies might not be suitable for young people, as they’re developed for adults.

Question 6

Conclusion

Zhou et al. (2020)

Answer 6

Fluoxetine (alone or with CBT) appears to be the best acute treatment of depressive disorder in children and adolescents.

Question 7

Waar gaat artikel Harmer over?

Catherine Harmer (2020)

Answer 7

Geeft een sv van het artikel van Zhou + nog een aantal extra punten aan het einde

Question 8

Main goal Catherine Harmer

Catherine Harmer (2020)

Answer 8

1. Identify and review the impact of interventions for young people with depression and anxiety.
2. Concluded that antidepressants is linked with stigma and anxiety
3. Benefits and risks of antidepressants use is essential to consider

Question 9

Conclusions

Catherine Harmer (2020)

4

Answer 9

1. SRRIs have efficacy, however, they don’t work for everyone –> more treatment options necessary.
2. Systematic reviews on whom the antidepressants work best on is not enough, antidepressant treatmen could be targeted more effectively if this issue is addressed
3. SSRIs could affect brain areas essential for emotional response and regulation, which can elevate mood or decrease symptoms of depression.
4. Long-term effects of taking antidepressants during adolescence is not known