1.4 - Chemical bonding Flashcards
What is the definition of an ionic bond?
A bond formed by the electrical attraction between positive and negative ions (cations and anions)
What is the definition of a covalent bond?
A pair of electrons with opposed spins shared between 2 atoms with each atom giving one electron
What is the definition of a coordinate bond?
A covalent bond in which both electrons come from one of the atoms.
What does bonding result from?
Results from electrical attractions and repulsions between the protons and electrons, with attractions outweighing repulsions.
What is the definition of metallic bonding?
Lattice of positive ions held together by a sea of delocalised electrons given up by each atom.
What is electronegativity in covalent bonds?
The electron pair is not usually shared equally between the two atoms unless they are the same. Thus one becomes slightly negative and the other slightly positive, making the bonding pair.
What does ‘intermolecular’ mean?
Bonding between molecules
What does ‘intramolecular’ mean?
Bonding within molecules
What forces make up van de Waals?
Induced dipole and dipole-dipole
What 2 types of pairs can be seen in a water molecule?
Bonding pairs and lone pairs.
Why do electron pairs repel eachother?
To form a shape that allows the pairs to keep as far away from eachother as possible so that repulsion is minimised.
Why do lone pairs repel more than bonding pairs?
Bonding pairs are not as close to the central atom as lone pairs are, they spread out between the 2 bonding atoms.
Because of this, lone pairs repel more than bonding pairs and this leads to the sequence of repulsion.
What is the sequence of repulsion?
Lone pair - lone pair > lone pair - bonding pair > bonding - bonding
What does the VSEPR theory stand for?
Valence shell electron pair repulsion
Name the shape, bond angle and example of an compound with 2 electron pairs.
Linear shape
180* bond angle
Example BeCl2
