14&16

Question 1

Nomination campaign

Answer 1

Phase of a political campaign aimed at winning a primary election

Question 2

General election campaign

Answer 2

Phase of a political campaign aimed at winning election to office

Question 3

Campaign manager

Answer 3

The individual who travels with the candidate and coordinates the campaign

Question 4

Finance chair

Answer 4

The individual who coordinates the financial business of the campaign

Question 5

Communications director

Answer 5

The person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate

Question 6

Press secretary

Answer 6

The individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis

Question 7

Campaign consultant

Answer 7

A private-sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies,services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected

Question 8

Pollster

Answer 8

A campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys

Question 9

Voter canvass

Answer 9

The process by which a campaign reaches individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone

Question 10

Get-out-the-vote (GOTV)

Answer 10

A push at the end of a political campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls

Question 11

Hard money

Answer 11

Campaign contributions that are regulated and limited by the federal election commission

Question 12

Soft money

Answer 12

Campaign contributions that are not regulated or limited by the federal election commission

Question 13

Political action committee (PAC)

Answer 13

Officially registered fund raising organization that represents interest groups in the political process

Question 14

Public funds

Answer 14

Donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates

Question 15

Matching funds

Answer 15

Donations to presidential campaigns whereby every dollar raised from individuals in amounts less than $251 is matched by the federal treasury

Question 16

527 political committee

Answer 16

Tax-exempt organization created to raise money for political activities such as voter mobilization and issue advocacy; not subject to FEC disclosure rules

Question 17

501(C) group

Answer 17

Nonprofit, tax-exempt interest groups that can engage in varying levels of political activity; not subject to FEC disclosure rules

Question 18

Positive ad

Answer 18

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidates qualifications, family, and issue positions, with no direct reference to the opponent

Question 19

Negative ad

Answer 19

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponents character or platform

Question 20

Contrast ad

Answer 20

Ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates , with a bias toward the candidate sponsoring the ad

Question 21

Inoculation Ad

Answer 21

Advertising that attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched

Question 22

Social capital

Answer 22

Cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems

Question 23

Civic virtue

Answer 23

The tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good

Question 24

Interest group

Answer 24

A collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy

Question 25

Pluralist theory

Answer 25

The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups

Question 26

Disturbance theory

Answer 26

The theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system

Question 27

Transactions theory

Answer 27

The theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges among political actors

Question 28

Collective good

Answer 28

Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group,for example, a tax write-off or a better environment

Question 29

Population ecology theory

Answer 29

The theory that the formation of political organizations is conditional on the resources allocated to a given issue area

Question 30

Public interest group

Answer 30

An organization that seeks a collective good that will not selectively and materially benefit group members

Question 31

Economic interest group

Answer 31

A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members

Question 32

Earmark

Answer 32

Funds that an appropriations bill designates for specific projects within a state or congressional district

Question 33

Political action committee (PAC)

Answer 33

Officially registered fund-raising organization that represents interest groups in the political process

Question 34

Lobbyist

Answer 34

Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion

Question 35

Trade association

Answer 35

A group that represents a specific industry

Question 36

Lobbying

Answer 36

The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the groups position

Question 37

Patron

Answer 37

A person who finances a group or individual activity

Question 38

Free rider problem

Answer 38

Potential members fail to join a group because they can get the benefit,of collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort

Question 39

Honest leadership and open government Act of 2007

Answer 39

Lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staffs,toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government t the private sector