14

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

entire network of chemical reactions carried out by living cells

Question 2

metabolites

Answer 2

small molecs that are intermediate in the biosynthesis or degradation of biopolymers

Question 3

complex molecs broken down to release energy stored in chemical bonds ______

Answer 3

catabolic pathways (catabolism)

Question 4

complex molecs made from simpler ones to store energy in chemical bonds ________

Answer 4

anabolic pathways (anabolism)

Question 5

metabolic pathways are often _______, yet some internal reactions are ______

Answer 5

irreversible
reversible

Question 6

the flow of material (flux) depends on (3)

Answer 6

• supply of substrates
• removal of products
• pathway enzyme activities (i.e. rates of reactions)

Question 7

feed forward activation

Answer 7

a metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway

Question 8

what do protein kinases do?

Answer 8

phosphorylate enzymes via ATP

Question 9

what do protein phosphatases do?

Answer 9

remove phosphate groups that have been previously added by kinases and also modify catalytic activity

Question 10

what value of delta G means the reaction is spontaneous?

Answer 10

negative

Question 11

what value of delta G means the reaction is non spontaneous?

Answer 11

positive

Question 12

what value of delta G means the reaction is at equilibrium?

Answer 12

0

Question 13

what does delta G mean?

Answer 13

change in free energy

Question 14

what value of delta H indicates an exothermic reaction?

Answer 14

<0

Question 15

what value of delta H indicates an endothermic reaction?

Answer 15

> 0

Question 16

what does delta H mean?

Answer 16

change in enthalpy

Question 17

what value of delta s means increase in disorder?

Answer 17

> 0

Question 18

what value of delta s means decrease in disorder?

Answer 18

<0

Question 19

what does delta s mean?

Answer 19

change in entropy

Question 20

autotrophic organisms

Answer 20

energy of sunlight (photosynthesis) energy of chemical reactions (chemosyntehsis)

Question 21

hetereoptrophic organisms

Answer 21

energy from breakdown of complex organic molecuels in other organisms

Question 22

phosphoanhydride bonds are?

Answer 22

between two phosphate groups
when two molecs of phosphate or folic acid condensate with each other and release water

Question 23

amp has what phosphate group(s)?

Answer 23

alpha

Question 24

adp has what phosphate group(s)?

Answer 24

alpha, beta

Question 25

atp has what phosphate group(s)?

Answer 25

alpha, beta, delta