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Neuroanatomy Mod 1 > 1.4 > Flashcards

1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Layers and spaces of the meninges

A
  1. Skull
  2. Epidural space
  3. Dura mater
  4. Subdural space
  5. Arachnoid mater
  6. Subarachnoid space
  7. Pia mater
  8. Brain
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2
Q

Special structures of the cranial dura

A

Dural folds create separations between parts of the brain:
- falx cerebri: separate R and L cerebral hemispheres
- tentorium cerebeli: occipital from cerebellum
- falx cerebelli: separates R and L cerebellum
- diaphragma sella: diaphragm over hypophyseal fossa formed by meningeal dura layer

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3
Q

Cranial arachnoid mater

A

Thin layer with trabeculae that attach it to the pia mater
Avascular

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4
Q

Cranial arachnoid mater and CSF

A

Subarachnoid space is filled with CSF.
It enlarges in some areas to form cisterns.

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5
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

Arachnoid vili that protrude into the dural sinuses.
A group of villi = granulation
Transport much of the CSF into the venous circulation.

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6
Q

Cranial pia mater

A

Thin, usually only one cell deep
Vascular
Adheres to brain tissue
Acts as barrier
- degrades neurotransmitters
- separates subarachnoid matter from brain tissue

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7
Q

Intercranial hemorrhages

A
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8
Q

Spinal pia

A

Forms special structures
- filum terminale

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9
Q

Venous sinuses

A

Formed by dura mater
Collect blood from brain and scalp (via emissary vv.)
Drains into internal jugular vv.

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10
Q

Major dural sinuses

A

Superior sagittal
Inferior sagittal
Straight
Confluence of sinuses
Sigmoid sinus

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11
Q

Cavernous sinus

A

Joins several sinuses deep in the cranium
Can be site of infection and embolus

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12
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Often related to adjacent infection

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13
Q

Dural venous sinus

A

Separated layers of dura
Venous circulation

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14
Q

Ventricles of the brain

A

Ependymal cells line the cavities
Contains choroid plexus which produces CSF

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15
Q

R and L lateral ventricles

A

In the cerebral hemispheres
Largest of the ventricles

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16
Q

3rd and 4th ventricles

A

Along the midline

17
Q

Interventricular foramen

A

AKA foramina of monro
Lateral ventricles to 3rd ventricle

18
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

AKA aqueduct of sylvius
3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle

19
Q

Median and lateral apertures

A

Median - foramen of magendie
lateral - foramina of luschka

From 4th ventricle to subarachnoid space

20
Q

CSF

A

Clear, colorless
Circulates through ventricles and within subarachnoid space
Returns to venous circulation through arachnoid villi

21
Q

CSF circulation

A

Ventricles –> subarachnoid space –> dural sinuses/ venous circulation

22
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Protects the brain
- vascular cells
- astrocytes
- microglia
- basal lamina

23
Q

2 main arteries of the intracranial structures

A

Internal carotid aa
Vertebral aa

Join together to create the Circle of Willis

24
Q

Vertebral artery course

A

Through transverse processes of cervical spine
Gives branches to spinal arteries
Join to form the basilar artery

25
Q

Basilar artery

A

Primarily supplies posterior cerebral a.
Gives rise to
- pontine aa
- cerebellar aa

26
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Gives rise to
- anterior cerebral a
- middle cerebral a
- posterior cerebral a

27
Q

Cerebral arterial supply

A

3 branches of the Circle of Willis supply most of the cerebral hemispheres

28
Q

Venous drainage of the CNS

A

We have superficial (external) and deep (internal) cerebral veins. Much of our venous drainage involves venous sinuses.
Venous drainage has multiple paths, but ultimately the majority of the cranial blood flow empties into the internal jugular vein.

29
Q

CSF circulates within which space?

A

subarachnoid space, ventricles of the brain, and central canal of the spinal cord

30
Q

Which layer of meninges forms the dural sinuses?

A

meningeal layer of the cranial dura mater

31
Q

What do the venous sinuses do?

A

Collect blood from the brain and form emissary veins and also receive CSF from the subarachnoid spaces

32
Q

Where do venous sinuses empty their contents?

A

the superior jugular bulb of the internal jugular vein

33
Q

Where is CSF made?

A

choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain

34
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A
  • forms a protective fluid cushion for the brain and spinal cord and is a recipient of brain metabolites
  • immunological defense of the brain
  • maintenance of normal pH of the brain and spinal cords environment
  • reducing pressure of the brain
35
Q

Internal carotid artery

A

The internal carotid artery, one of the paired terminal branches of the common carotid artery, forms numerous branches supplying the brain and participated in the formation of the cerebral arterial circle of Willis.

36
Q

80% of cerebral blood flow comes from ___ and 20% comes from___.

A

internal carotid; vertebral arteries

Neuroanatomy Mod 1 (7 decks)

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