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Module 13 EASA Part 1 > 13.9 Lighting > Flashcards

13.9 Lighting Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the intensity, angle and plane showing of the all navigation lights?

A

Port - red, 5 candelas, 110° from dead ahead in the horizontal plane, 90° above and below the horizontal plane

Starboard - green, otherwise as port

Rear - white, 20 candelas, 70° right and left of dead astern, 90° above and below the horizontal plane

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2
Q

What must all light covers and colour filters be?

A
  • At least flame resistant
  • May not change colour and shape or lose any appreciable light transmission during normal use
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3
Q

What are the requirements of navigation lights, which coincides with the requirements of an essential circuit?

A

Must be in a single circuit, controlled by one switch, whose power source is via a circuit breaker

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4
Q

To comply with the ‘Rules of the Air Regulations 2015’, what do some aircraft have?

A

Two filaments in each navigation light, each filament driven from a different power supply

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5
Q

What are the requirements for anti-collision lighting of aeroplanes (CS25)?

A
  • Aeroplanes over 5700 MTWA
  • ± 75° around the horizontal plane
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6
Q

What are the requirements for anti-collision lighting of helicopters (CS29)?

A

± 30° around the horizontal plane

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7
Q

What is the principle of operation of the rotating reflector?

A

Filament lamp unit and a motor

Motor drives a reflector, to establish a beam of light which rotates at a constant frequency

All components are enclosed in a red lens cover

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8
Q

What is the effective flash frequency of a rotating reflector?

A

40 to 100 cycles per minute

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9
Q

What power normally operates a rotating reflector?

A

28V DC

or

115V AC for the motor and 28V DC for the lamp unit

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10
Q

How is the beam reflected in a rotating reflector?

A

One half of the reflector is flat, emits a narrow high-intensity beam of light near the horizontal

Other half is curved, increases the up and down spread of the emitted beam

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11
Q

Describe the rotating beacon?

A

Two filament lamps mounted in tandem, and pivoted on their own axis

One half of each lamp forms a reflector

One complete revolution is two flashes

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12
Q

What is the principle of strobe lighting?

A

Capacitor-discharge flash tube

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13
Q

What does CS25 state about the colour of aircraft strobes?

A

Either aviation red or aviation white

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14
Q

What does CS29 state about the colour of aircraft strobes?

A

Must be aviation red

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15
Q

Describe the power supplies for a large aircraft strobe light?

A

Power supply unit converts input power of 28V DC or 115V AC into a high DC output, usually 450V

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16
Q

What is the typical flashing frequency of a large aircraft strobe light?

A

70 per minute

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17
Q

What precautions must be observed with regards to strobe lights?

A
  • Eye protection against high intensity light
  • Electric shock
  • Burning
  • Stroboscopic effects
  • Ground operation
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18
Q

What eye problems might UV emissions cause when viewed at close range?

A

UV keratitis

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19
Q

What is the normal ground operation of strobe lights?

A

Red

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20
Q

What are the maintenance practices which apply to all lamp assemblies?

A
  • Lint free cloth for cleaning
  • Keep fingers away from glass
  • Ensure lamp correctly positioned and secure
  • Cable connector security inspection
  • Examine for streaks which is a symptom of gas leaking through the glass through a hairline fracture
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21
Q

What power requirements are there for high intensity search lights?

A

100V DC and 10kV AC

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22
Q

What are the safety precautions when working on a high intensity search light?

A
  • Never work on your own
  • Wait until it has cooled to ambient temperatures
  • Disconnect power first and use a digital multimeter to ensure that all voltage has discharged
  • Wear correct PPE; full face protection mask, heavy duty gloves, jacket
  • Warn all personnel in the vicinity
  • Never look directly at the lamp when it is on
  • May cause flammable materials to catch fire at distances of less than 3 metres
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23
Q

What power is consumed by the landing lamps and taxy lamps?

A

Landing lamp - 400W

Taxy lamp - 250W

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24
Q

What extinguishes the taxy lamp on retraction?

A

Undercarriage proximity or microswitch

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25
Q

On a combined landing and taxy lights assembly, what can cause automatic retraction?

A

Speed switch is interlocked when the limit is exceeded

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26
Q

What switches off the lamp when the combined landing and taxy lights are retracted?

A

Microswitch or proximity sensors

27
Q

When will an aircraft be allowed to fly at night where icing conditions are forecast or exist?

A

If there is a means of illumination to determine if areas of the wing, that are critical to lift, have an accumulation of ice on them

28
Q

What is the power rating of ice inspection lights?

A

60W to 250W

29
Q

When will the lights come on in the baggage compartment, and what component allows this?

A

When the door is open, the light comes on, through the closed contacts of a microswitch

30
Q

Where does the power for maintenance lights come from?

A

28V DC hot battery busbar

31
Q

What is integral lighting normally known as?

A

Wedge or front lighting

32
Q

What is the purpose of wedge lighting?

A

Distsributing light evenly across the dial

33
Q

How is absorption of light ensured in wedge ‘B’ of an integral light?

A

Painting its outer part black

34
Q

What is the sector of light of a pillar lamp?

A

Arc of approximately 90° to a depth slightly less than 2” (5cm)

35
Q

What does a bridge light provide which is not provided in a single pillar lamp?

A

Total loss of illumination cannot occur as a result of failure of one circuit

36
Q

Describe an electroluminescent panel?

A

Consist of a thin laminate structure in which a layer of phosphor is sandwiched between two electrodes, one of which is transparent

Requires AC for its operation

37
Q

What does the luminescent intensity of the phosphor in a electroluminescent panel depend on?

A

Voltage and frequency of the AC supply

38
Q

What is the disadvantage of using a rheostat in controlling the lighting intensity of cabin lights?

A

Power is dissipated as heat generated in the rheostat

39
Q

How can the disadvantage of using a rheostat to control the intensity of cabin lighting be overcome?

A

Using a transistor, which requires only very low voltage levels over its conducting range

40
Q

What is the prinicple of operation of storm lighting?

A

Will turn certain lights on to full, ie glare shield lights, cockpit dome lights, instrument lights

Allows a night blinded pilot to see aircraft instruments

41
Q

What are ballast units for?

A

To start fluorescent tubes, then limit the current to them

42
Q

How are entry lights turned on, with no internal aircraft power available?

A

Applying external power plug, which energises ‘external power sensing relay’

28V DC is applied from the hot bus

43
Q

When the information signs switch is in AUTO, when will the ‘seatbelt’ relay energise and what will this cause?

A

When the flaps are extended, the microswitch in the flap lever completes the earth for the ‘seatbelt’ relay

The ‘fasten seat belt’ and ‘return to seat’ signs come on

44
Q

When the information signs switch is in AUTO, and after flaps are extended, what will then cause the ‘no-smoking sign’ relay to energise?

A

The microswitch to energise the relay is made when the landing gear lever is placed in the ‘down’ position

‘No smoking’, ‘return to seat’ and ‘fasten seat belt’ sign will come on

45
Q

When will a low tone chime in the passenger address system?

A

When the ‘no smoking’ or ‘fasten seat belts’ circuits are energised or de-energised

46
Q

When is a high tone chime sounded over the passenger address system?

A

When the flight attendant call system is pushed

47
Q

What will be the indications when a flight attendant call switch is pressed in the lavatory?

A

Amber light

High tone chime

48
Q

When ground power is applied, what is the light intensity in the toilet?

A

Full intensity

49
Q

During normal flight, when is the lavatory toilet lighting at full intensity?

A

When the door is locked

50
Q

What light within the lavatory is always on, regardless of door position, and what power does it use as long as the aircraft has its own power?

A

Dome light

28V DC

51
Q

What are the emergency lights battery packs normally made from?

A

Nickel-cadmium

Silver-zinc

52
Q

How are the emergency battery packs maintained in a fully charged condition?

A

Trickle charge from the normal aircraft busbars

53
Q

With regards to emergency lighting, what warning will the EICAS/ECAM give?

A

A caution message if the system is not armed

54
Q

How are emergency dome lights and emergency exit placards supplied with power where emergency power is supplied, or in the event of total aircraft power failure?

A

Even if the control switch is off (fed from the primary bus), power is supplied by the emergency battery

55
Q

What is the minimum requirement, in terms of time, for which emergency lighting is required to illuminate?

A

10 minutes

56
Q

What is the requirement for passenger and crew compartment doors and emergency exits in an aircraft?

A

Must be of a regulation dimension, easily identified, suitably illuminated and simply opened

57
Q

What is the purpose of floor proximity lighting?

A

Provide visual guidance for cabin evacuation when all sources of cabin lighting above four feet are obscured by smoke

58
Q

If a self-illuminating fluorescent strip has been in low light conditions for an extended period, how long would it take to charge it?

A

2 hours of normal light

59
Q

If the cabin attendant switch for cabin emergency lights is selected on, what will be the state of the emergency lights?

A

On, regardless of position of cockpit emergency lighting switch and 28V DC power availability

60
Q

What indicates an over the wing emergency exit with regards to the emergency lighting system?

A

Red LED floor proximity lighting at the bottom of the passenger aisle seat

61
Q

Describe a self-illuminating exit sign?

A

Glass tube filled with tritium gas which is coated with a phosphor layer, placed in a plastic container

Known as Gaseous Tritium Light Source (GTLS) or beta light

62
Q

When and in what way does a GTLS become dangerous?

A

If the case is broken

Dangerous to breathe the gas, or allow it to be absorbed by the skin

63
Q

What are the safety precautions which must be adhered to with regards to a broken GTLS?

A
  • Keep all personnel away
  • Ventilate the area for the time required in the AMM
  • Wear the correct PPE as detailed in the AMM
  • Put it in a metal container labelled ‘Danger Radioactive Material’
  • Dispose of under the current regulations for radioactive materials

Module 13 EASA Part 1 (20 decks)

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