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Module 13 EASA Part 1 > 13.12 Fire Protection > Flashcards

13.12 Fire Protection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two separate systems that make up a fire protection system?

A

Fire or overheat detection

Fire suppression or extinguishing

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2
Q

Where would the requirements for a fire protection system be set out?

A

CS–25 for large aeroplanes

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3
Q

What is the fire zone?

A

Region where a potential fire risk may exist following a failure or leakage of any component, equipment or part of the power unit

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4
Q

State the requirements of a fire detection system?

A

Rapid detection of localised fire or overheat conditions

Provide warning by means of red light and audible signal indicating the area where some corrective action is required

Accurate indication that a fire has been extinguished or has reignited

Durable and resistant to damage from oil, water or other fluids

Accurate and effective method of testing the integrity of the system

Easily inspected, removed and installed

Possibility of false indications is unlikely

Require the minimum electrical power (without the use of inverters or other special equipment)

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5
Q

Which system may have automatic fire suppression and why?

A

APU
The APU is on occasion left to run unattended

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6
Q

Spot, unit or point detectors tend to work on which principle?

A

A switch where the contacts are actuated by the differential expansion of dissimilar metals

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7
Q

How is a warning initiated in a thermal switch detector?

A

Silver rhodium contacts on a spring bow assembly are located within a steel barrel
In the event of sufficient temperature rise, the outer steel case expands, removing the compressive force on the spring bow assembly
The contacts close and complete the circuit to activate the alarm system

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8
Q

How should a number of thermal switch detectors be connected electrically and why?

A

In parallel
If any one switch closes, a warning is given

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9
Q

What is the only way to identify a thermal switch correctly?

A

By its part number

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10
Q

Describe the operation of a differential expansion switch?

A

Sensitive bemetallic strip opens its contacts when the temperature reaches an abnormally high threshold and sends a signal to the flight compartment
Slow temperature rise – both strips distort at the same rate as they receive the same heat, clad strip contacts the stop whereas unclad strip continues to distort, breaks the contacts
Rapid temperature rise – unclad strip distorts more quickly, thus breaking the contact

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11
Q

What two principles do continuous loop fire wire detectors operate on?

A

Resistance
Capacitance

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12
Q

What part of the resistance type firewire has an inverse coefficient of resistance?

A

Filling material (dielectric or temperature sensitive material)

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13
Q

What is the relationship between capacitance and temperature?

A

Directly proportional

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14
Q

What parameters does a digital fire detection system monitor?

A

Resistance and capacitance

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15
Q

What type of reference signal does the controller of the digital fire detection system apply?

A

Square wave reference signal

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16
Q

Why does the digital fire detection system have an unlimited shelf life and unlimited service life?

A

Terminals are completely sealed to prevent the ingress of dirt or moisture

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17
Q

Systron Donner and continuous length are other names for which type of fire detection system?

A

Pneumatic type continuous length fire detector

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18
Q

How many switches does the Systron Donner responder have? Which switches are normally open?

A

Three
Normally Open – Overheat and fire switch

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19
Q

Describe the operation of the integrity switch?

A

Integrity switch is normally held closed by the normal helium pressure in the sensor tube

When the sensor tube is damaged, allowing helium gas to leak, the integrity pressure switch opens, activating a fault signal

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20
Q

What was the major flaw with early IR fire detection system?

A

Lack of discrimination between sunlight and firelight

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21
Q

How is the major flaw with early IR fire detection systems overcome?

A

Tighten the wavelengths over which these units work

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22
Q

Where are the infrared flame detectors located?

A

Optical portion in the fire zone and the electrical connection on the opposite side of the firewall

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23
Q

How does air from different compartments pass through a single smoke detector?

A

Cabin differential pressure is used to circulate air through the detector

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24
Q

Describe the normal operation of a smoke detector using a photoeletric cell?

A

Light from a beacon lamp cannot fall on the photoelectric cell when no smoke is present

Smoke scatters the beacon lamp light, allowing it to reach the photoelectric cell

Resistance of cell changes and allows current to flow through it

Actuates an amplifier and produces the visual and aural warning signals

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25
Q

Describe the test procedure of a smoke detector using a photoelectric cell?

A

Beacon lamp and test lamp are wired in series by pressing test

Both lamps illuminate, but test lamp shines directly on photoelectric cell

Integrity of smoke detector system and the continuity of the beacon lamp are tested

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26
Q

What temperature should insulation resistance checks of firewire be carried out at?

A

At room temperature as high temperatures result in different readings being obtained

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27
Q

At what intervals along its length should the firewire be clipped to the structure?

A

Every 4 inches from end fittings

Approximately 6 inch intervals along its length

28
Q

What precautions should be taken when bending firewire?

A

Excessive bending could result in work hardening of the capillary

Kept smooth and not less than the minimum radius quoted by the manufacturer

29
Q

During functional tests, how are fault conditions simulated in both the resistance and capacitance types of firewire?

A

Resistance – grounding the centre electrode of the element

Capacitance – introducing additional capacitance into the circuit

30
Q

Other than periods specified in the maintenance schedule, when would a functional test of firewire systems be required?

A

When a system malfunction has occurred

A major component has been replaced

31
Q

What is meant by a two shot extinguishing system?

A

Allows two separate discharges of extinguishant into any one power plant

32
Q

Describe the operation of an inertia controlled crash switch?

A

Heavy piston supported by its own spring and so arranged that at the required degree of deceleration

Compresses the spring and causes a bow spring to snap over, thereby bridging contacts connected in the extinguishing system circuit

33
Q

What are the four methods of fire extinguisher bottle discharge indication?

A

Pressure gauge
Indication pin
Blowout disc
Pressure switch

34
Q

What has happened if the yellow indicator disc has been pushed out by a plunger?

A

The extinguishing system has been activated

35
Q

What is the purpose of the directional flow control valves?

A

Allow the contents of one or several extinguishers to be directed into any one power plant

Prevent extinguishant from entering an empty extinguisher

36
Q

For a fire in the left engine, what switch position would give a 2nd shot of extinguishant into that engine?

A

No 2 position on the left extinguisher switch

37
Q

How is fire suppression achieved from a two stage fire extinguisher?

A

A container within a container

Inner container connected to outer container via a metering orifice

Extinguishant from outer container immediately flows out into the discharge line

Inner container slowly leaks out through the metering orifice

38
Q

Other than general serviceability, what specific check should be carried out on a fire extinguisher before installation?

A

Containers inspected for signs of leakage, dents, corrosion, scoring and chafing

Weight check and, where appropriate, pressure check to make sure there has been no loss of contaminant

Pin–type discharge indicators checked to make sure that they are flush with the cap of the operating head junction box

Threads of all unions and studs inspected for damage

Before securing cartridge units to extinguishers, they should be inspected for signs of distortion, corrosion, chafing or other damage

39
Q

What is the storage life and installation life of a fire extinguisher cartridge?

A

Storage life – 5 year
Installation life – 2 year

40
Q

What would happen if a cartridge is removed from its sealed bag during storage?

A

The life expiry date is two years from the date of removal, provided the expiry is within the normal five–year period

41
Q

How many hand held fire extinguishers must be carried on board an aircraft containing 201 to 300 passengers?

A

4

42
Q

How many hand held halon extinguishers should be carried on board an aircraft containing more than 61 passengers?

A

At least two

43
Q

Why are halon fire extinguishers looking to be converted or decommissioned by December 2025?

A

They are ozone depleting substances

44
Q

How can the correct contents and charge of a hand held extinguisher be ascertained?

A

At specified intervals, the extinguisher should be weighed using calibrated weighing equipment

45
Q

What other warning device do APUs require and why?

A

External audible warning device (usually a klaxon)

Designed to run unattended on the ground for long periods

46
Q

What are thermal switch fire detectors also known as?

A

Spot detector or point detector

47
Q

In a continuous loop firewire, what is the temperature sensitive material also known as?

A

Dielectric

48
Q

What might the dielectric be in a continuous loop firewire?

A

Eutectic salts
Ceramic beads

49
Q

In a resistance type of continuous loop wire type detectors, how does the resistance of the insulating material change with an increase in temperature?

A

Decrease

50
Q

In a Kidde type sensing element, what is the distance between dual clamps which hold the sensing elements in place?

A

Approximately every 15 cm (6 in)

51
Q

What does it mean if a digital fire detection system fire wire is kept in a clean and dry environment with a dust cap over the electrical receptacle?

A

Unlimited shelf life
Unlimited service life

52
Q

In a digital fire detection system, where are the sensing elements and the control unit located?

A

Sensing element loop installed within the fire zone

Control unit located outside the engine bay area

53
Q

In a digital fire detection system, why will single and dual loop configurations continue to function even if the element is severed?

A

They are all powered from both ends

54
Q

In a Systron Donner overheat detector, explain the operation of the normally open switches?

A

When general overheat conditions exist, increased pressure of helium gas which is ever present in the tube causes one of the switches to close (overheat switch)

When a fire exists, the hydrogen gas in the core is able to escape increasing the pressure still further, which closes the second switch (fire switch)

55
Q

Why is the continuous length sensor not as sensitive to damage as the continuous loop wire sensor?

A

Continuous loop – damage to the tubing wall might cause it to touch the centre wire, causes false fire warning signals

Continuous length – as long as the gas doesn’t escape, the operation is not affected as gas can always flow despite kinks, dents and bends

56
Q

On older aircraft, how might smoke be detected in different compartments?

A

Air is passed from all the compartments through a single electronic smoke detector

57
Q

What is the standard ‘g’ rating of an inertia controlled switch which would bridge contacts in the extinguishing circuit?

A

3g

58
Q

On a two shot extinguishing head, what will either indication pin showing mean for the extinguishant bottle?

A

It is empty and therefore unserviceable

59
Q

If a yellow blowout disc is pushed out by a plunger, what does this indicate has happened and what would a red blowout disc mean?

A

Yellow – the extinguishing system has been activated on purpose to extinguish a fire

Red – overpressure of the bottle and the extinguishant has been discharged overboard

60
Q

What indication, which is related to the bottle pressure switch, is given in the flight deck when an extinguishant bottle has been discharged?

A

Pressure decreases and illuminates the appropriate discharge light adjacent to the fire pull handle

61
Q

When should the fully charged weight of an extinguisher be checked?

A

Before installation
and
Periods specified in the relevant maintenance manual

62
Q

Where will the weight of a fully charged extinguishing bottle, including blanking caps and washers, be indicated?

A

On the container or operating head

63
Q

How many hand held fire extinguishers must be carried on board an aircraft containing 07 to 30 passengers?

A

1

64
Q

How many hand held fire extinguishers must be carried on board an aircraft containing 31 to 60 passengers?

A

2

65
Q

How many hand held fire extinguishers must be carried on board an aircraft containing 61 to 200 passengers?

A

3

66
Q

How many hand held fire extinguishers must be carried on board an aircraft containing 301 to 400 passengers?

A

5

Module 13 EASA Part 1 (20 decks)

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