1.3.4 - Web Technologies

Question 1

What is the World-Wide-Web (WWW)

Answer 1

The collection of billions of web pages.

Pages written in HTML.

Pages have tags to indicate how text is to be handled.

Pages have hyperlinks.

Page have various assets:
- images
- forms
- videos
- applets.

Question 1

What are browsers?

Answer 1

Software that renders/displays HTML pages.

Find web resources by accepting URLs and following links.

Also useful to find resources on private networks.

Common well-known browsers are:
- Firefox
- Microsoft Edge
- Google Chrome
- Opera
- Safari.

Question 2

What is HTML?

Answer 2

Hypertext Mark-up Language

The standard for making web pages:

Text files.

Tags to attach to items – affect how they are rendered.

Question 3

What is CSS?

Answer 3

Cascading Style Sheets

1) Determine how tags affect objects.

2) Appearance and behaviour of a web page.

3) Promotes simpler HTML so can be used in multiple HTML files.

4) Content and formatting are kept separate (formatting code doesn’t have to be rewritten for every page).

5) Cached by a browser so the site is quicker to access as the formatting information isn’t reloaded for every page.

6) Changes can be made to the external style sheet and affect the whole site saving time and promoting consistency on the website (changes don’t have to be made to every page).

7) Stylesheets can be changed or formatted specifically for different themes, or different devices to allow different display characteristics of the same web page on different platforms.

Question 4

What is JavaScript?

Answer 4

A popular programming scripting language that requires a runtime environment, typically a web browser, to
provide its necessary objects and methods.

Can be embedded into HTML with

 tag to add functionality and interactivity to web pages which allows
dynamic content such as:
- validation
- animation
- loading new content.

Normally used client-side/in browser to reduce unnecessary load on the server but is also used server-side as it can be amended and circumvented.

Is normally interpreted so will run in any browser.

Question 5

What are search engines?

Answer 5

Is a software program that finds information on the web.

The software:

Builds indexes

Makes use of content as well as meta tags (information not displayed but read by search engines)

Uses various algorithms to search the indexes

Supports many human languages

Improvements have allowed success with misspelled searches.

Question 6

What is search engine indexing (SEI)?

Answer 6

Is the process of collecting and storing data from websites so that a search engine can quickly match the content
against search terms.

Question 7

What is the PageRank Algorithm (PRA)

Answer 7

Developed by Google.

Attempts to rank pages according to usefulness to measure the importance of a site by taking into account:

The number of inward or outward links – the more there are, the better regarded the site.

The number of sites that link to the site.

The period users stay on the web page

The PageRank of the linking sites – the algorithm iteratively calculates the importance of each site so that links
from sites with a high importance are given a higher ranking than those linked from sites of low importance.

Question 8

What is server side processing?

Answer 8

1) Takes place on the webserver. Data is sent from the browser to the server, the server processes it and sends the output back to the browser.

2) Takes away the reliance of the browser having the correct interpreter. It hides the code from the user, protecting copyright and avoiding it being amended or circumvented which is essential for data security.

3) Puts extra load on the server. This is at the cost of the company hosting the website.

4) Is best used where it is integral that processing is carried out. It is often used for generating content. It can be used to access data including secure data. For this reason any data passes to it has to be checked carefully.

Question 9

What is client side processing?

Answer 9

-Takes place in the web browser.

-Doesn’t require data to be sent back and forth meaning code is much more responsive.

-Code is visible which means it can be copied. The browser may not run the code either because it doesn’t have
the capability or because the user has intentionally disabled client side code.

-Reduces the load on the server.

-Frees the server to do more processing.

-Reduces data traffic.

-Sends better-quality data to the server.

-Is best used when it’s not critical code that runs. If it is critical then it should be carried out on the server. Is also
best where quick feedback to the user is needed – an example being games.

Question 10

What are the 14 tags we use in HTML?

Answer 10

<html>
<body>
<head>
<title>
<h1>
<h2>
<h3>
<p>
<img></img>
<a>
<ol>
<ul>
<li>
</li></ul></ol></a></p></h3></h2></h1></title></head></body></html>

Question 11

How do you link a CSS file in HTML?

Answer 11

<link></link>

Question 12

What does the <div> tag do?

Answer 12

It divides the page into sections to help with the layout of the page. For example, it can divide the main section of the page so it will have a different colour or font to another part of the body.

Question 13

How do you use the <div> tag?

Answer 13

<div>

<p> efoije0fijefje </p>

</div>

Question 14

How do you use the classes from the HTML script in the CSS script?

Answer 14

.intro

{

color: red;

}

Question 15

How do we use identifiers in HTML?

Answer 15

orderedlist

you can use this instead of classes for example:

<ol id = “orderedlist>

<li> cat </li>

</ol>

Then in the CSS script you use:

{

color: red;

}

Question 16

What is the <input></input> tag?

Answer 16

The type of input for example:

<input type = “text”

text box type = “text”

submit button = “submit”

Question 17

What is the <form> tag?

Answer 17

Used to create a form, like a list of questions for the user to answer. It is always used alongside the script tag and java script.

<form id= “Name of your form” action = “what to do with the information inputted by the user and wehre to send it”

Question 18

How do you use a JavaScript file in a html file to do something with a button (on click)

Answer 18

<button> text on button</button>

You would then put myFunction() at the top of the javascript for it to be called when the button is clicked.

Question 19

How do you output a javascript result onto the webpage of a html script?

Answer 19

On html <body>

<p></p>

(In javascript)

document.getElementByID(“output_here”).innerHTML = text;

Question 20

What is JavaScript syntax similar to?

Answer 20

C#

Uses ; at the end of a line

Uses curly brackets for a block of code