13.4 Adrenal Glands

Question 1

Adrenal glands sits

Answer 1

On top of kidney (retroperotineally)

Question 2

Two parts of adrenal gland

Answer 2

Adrenal cortex (crust)
Adrenal medulla (middle) (modified synapse of the ANS)

Question 3

Adrenal gland surrounded by

Answer 3

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 4

Adrenal Medulla releases

Answer 4

Epinephrine

Question 5

Adrenal cortex releases

Answer 5

Cortisol

Aldosterone (renin triggers angiotensin II, which then triggers aldosterone,causing vasoconstriction)
- sodium resorption in kidneys, more water too raises EDV, raises MAP)
- off switch is atrial naturetic peptide ANP (which lowers blood sodium)

DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone)
- androgen (estrogen or testosterone) precursor. Modified outside adrenal.

Question 6

Cortisol aka

Answer 6

Glucocorticoid

Question 7

Cortisol does what

Answer 7

• stimulates release of glucose from liver and fat
• facilitates repair of cellular damage
• block signal to T-cells (immune response)
• block histamine- which reduces inflammation

Question 8

glucocorticoid release triggered by

Answer 8

ACTH (from anterior pituitary)

Question 9

Stress causes release of

Answer 9

ACTH which then releases cortisol

Question 10

Counter to insulin (higher blood glucose)

Answer 10

Cortisol

Question 11

Chronic stress leads

Answer 11

Vulnerable to infection

Atrophy of hippocampus (long term memory)

Question 12

Cushing’s disease

Answer 12

Tumor or prolonged stress affects feedback loop of pituitary & adrenal gland

Leads to overproduction of ACTH, with no off switch

Question 13

Addison’s disease

Answer 13

autoimmune
Immune system attacks adrenal cortex, blocks production of cortisol (low BP, weight loss)

Question 14

General adaptation syndrome to stress

Answer 14

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion