1.3.2 true fungi

Question 1

what is a hypha?

Answer 1

The white filamentous strands that make up the mycelium, used for growth by fungus

Question 2

what is the mycelium?

Answer 2

the vegetative part of the fungus (sort of like roots), and they consist of of hyphae.

Question 3

5 physical characteristics of true fungi

Answer 3

chitin in cell wall
lack centrioles
growth by hyphae
reproduction by spores
glycogen reserve

Question 4

name two diseases that fungi are responsible for on plants

Answer 4

smut on corn

leafspot disease on soybean (cercospora, phototoxic fungi)

Question 5

what are fungi a very important source for?

Answer 5

active natural products

Question 6

what is the most carcinogenic natural product known?

Answer 6

aflatoxin

Question 7

voimitoxin is found in what

Answer 7

ear and root rots of corn

Question 8

what is an example of a fungal hallucinogen? (hint, found on rye)

Answer 8

lysergic acid, whcih is produced by ergot fungi

Question 9

what did the mexicans call the magic mushroom?

Answer 9

teonanacatl = the flesh of the gods

Question 10

what are the effects of magic mushrooms?

Answer 10

they cause: pupil dilation, visual and auditory hallucinations, and muscle weakness.

Question 11

what is cyclosporin?

Answer 11

a fungal derived antirejection drug

Question 12

what are three things that fungi are used for?

Answer 12

1. disease organisms
2. natural products
3. fermentation products

Question 13

what are the four divisions of true fungi?

Answer 13

chytrids, bread molds, cup fungi, mushrooms and rust

Question 14

what are 3 things that make chytrids distinctive?

Answer 14

1. motile zoospores and gametes with flagella
2. the primitive group that other fungi evolved from
3. thought to be pathogen that has dropped frog population

Question 15

what are saprophytes?

Answer 15

An organism, especially a fungus or bacterium, that derives its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter.

Question 16

what is a septa?

Answer 16

a crosswall between cells

Question 17

what distinctions do bread molds have? (3)

Answer 17

1. most are saprophytes
2. few septa in hyphae
3. distinctive life cycle with zygospore

Question 18

define “mycorrhizae”

Answer 18

a symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus, especially a basidiomycete, with the roots of certain plants, in which the hyphae form a closely woven mass around the rootlets or penetrate the cells of the root.

Question 19

what is definitive of cup fungi? (3)

Answer 19

1. many serious plant diseases such as dutch elm disease and chestnut blight
2. they have the truffles and blue molds (penicillin)
3. distinctive ascus

Question 20

what is an ascus?

Answer 20

a sac, typically cylindrical in shape, in which the spores of ascomycete fungi develop.

Question 21

what is a well-known example of a unicellular ascomycete?

Answer 21

yeast

Question 22

what family do rusts and mushrooms belong in?

Answer 22

basidomycetes

Question 23

what are the main function of mushrooms?

Answer 23

decomposers

Question 24

what are the main function of rusts?

Answer 24

parasites on living plants, especially cereals

Question 25

what is really distinctive about the life cycle of rust?

Answer 25

they need two different specific species to reproduce, so if you take one of the plants away, you get rid of rust

Question 26

where does a clamp connection occur

Answer 26

growing hyphae