1.2.1 bacteria, archeobacteria and viruses Flashcards
When did first prokaryotes appear?
3.5 bilion
which bacteria strain is resistant to antibiotics?
Vincomycin Resistant Enterococcus
which bacteria strain reproduces in cold meat…
listeria
Define biofilms
Bacteria produce coordinated layers on surfaces like medical implants by chemical communication
What is the chemical communication used by bacteria when creating a biofilm?
Quorum sensing
what are nitrogen fixing bacteria?
they convert atmospheric nitrogen into organic NH4
where are nitrogen fixing bacteria found living symbiotically?
Nodes in the roots and stems of plants, esp. the legumes
What creates lichens?
Cyanobacteria forming associations with ferns or fungi
What are two important bacterial diseases in plants?
Blight in beans
Crown gall
What is crown gall used for?
used by scientists to insert DNA plasmids for GMO
what are the three cell forms of bacteria?
Baccili, cocci, spirilla
what is the cell wall made of in bacteria?
peptidoglycan
what may be present in the capsule of the bacteria?
lipopolysaccharide
how does the ribosome of the bacteria differ from eukaryotes?
Has a 70s ribosome
What is the site of respiration and bacterial photosynthesis for bacteria?
Plasma Meembrane
How can you test to see if there is a lipopolysaccharide on the membrane of a bacteria?
a dye is infused that will not bind to certain cells if they have a lipopolysaccharide alyer
Define heterotrophes
Consume organic molecules- include decomposers, disease organisms
Chemo-autotrophes need a definition
make their own organic molecules by redox reactions
Photoautotrophes?
Make their organic molecules from photosynthesis
What is primitive about early bacterial photosynthesis? (5)
- Only one light reaction
- light energy used was far red
- only atp is made
- Requires H2S to make carbs
- No O2 produced
How does the blue green algae version of photosynthesis trump the earlier version? (3)
- two light reactions
- waste product is O2
- Higher energy available allows for removal of H from water to make carbs
What characterizes cyanobacteria? (4)
have advanced capsule
Filamentous or unicellular algae based
CHL A, carotene, and phycocyanin
No chloroplast
Describe the ecology of the cyanobacteria
a major contaminant in eutrophic ponds and lakes
What is the blue accessory pigment to Chl A?
phycocyanin
What are stromatolites?
Early coral like structures formed by cyano that fix Ca
Name the two toxins produced by blue green algae during algal blooms
anatoxin and mycocystin
Which domain was recently recognized as a separate group of bacteria?
archeobacteria
give two examples of archeobacteria adapted to extreme environments
halophiles and thermophiles
