Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 13 (Tommy) > 13.2 Public Health: Communicable Diseases Control > Flashcards

13.2 Public Health: Communicable Diseases Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is public health?

A

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organized efforts of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 key domains of public health practise?

A
  1. Health improvement
  2. Improving services
  3. Health protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most at risk age group for communicable disease?

A
  • Under 5s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the worst affected group of global infectious/communicable diseases?

A
  1. Lower respiratory infections
  2. Diarrhoeal diseases
  3. Ischaemic heart disease
  4. HIV/aids
  5. Malaria
  6. TB
  7. COPD (in upper-middle income countries)
  8. Diabetes mellitus (in upper-middle income countries)
  9. Stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain the distribution of child deaths by cause for WHO regions

A
  1. Africa has the worst child death
  2. South-East asia is 2nd
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common reason why people are absent at work (infectious diseases)?

A
  • Due to respiratory or GI infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is considered to be the most effective public health intervention in the UK for infectious diseases?

A
  • National immunisation programme (vaccination)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the areas of public health concern for infectious diseases in the UK?

A
  • Health care acquired infections
  • Antimicrobial resistance
  • Sexually transmitted infections
  • Emerging infecetions e.g. Ebola, COVID19
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the factors for the spread of communicable diseases?

A
  • Infective agents
    • ​Virus
    • Bacteria
    • Fungus
  • Source of infection
    • Infected human
    • Livestock
    • Insects/soil
  • Mode of transmission
    • ​Direct/indirect contact
    • Air-bourne
    • Foodborne
  • Host
    • ​Susceptible population (e.g. immunosuppressed)
    • Age
  • Reservoirs
    • People
    • Water
  • Portals of entry
    • ​Mucous
    • Meembrane
    • Digestive
    • Respiratory system
  • Portals of exit
    • ​Blood
    • Secretions
    • Excretions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the infectious peroid (period of communicability)?

A

This is the time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person, from an infected animal to man or from an infected person to an animal or arthropods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the reproduction number mean?

A

This is the average number of new people infected by each infectious case

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the basic reproduction number (R0) mean?

A

The mean number of secondary cases a typical single infected case will cause in a population with no immunity to the disease in the absence of interventions to control the infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the effective reproduction number (R) mean?

A

The number of secondary infections produced by a typical infective case.

Takes account of the fact that some people are already immune, because of previous infection or vaccination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does sporadic mean? (in communicable diseases)

A

Irregular pattern, occasional cases at irregular intervals

e.g. Typhoid or paratyphoid in UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does endemic mean? (in communicable disease)

A

Persistent, low or moderate level of disease e.g malaria, tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does hyper endemic mean? (in communicable diseases)

A

A higher persistent level e.g. Hepatitis B

17
Q

What does epidemic mean? (in communicable diseases)

A

Occurrence exceeds the expected level for a given time period e.g.

Measles outbreaks, food poisoning outbreaks, seasonal increase in influenza cases, VHF- current Ebola outbreak in West Africa

18
Q

What does a pandemic mean? (in communicable diseases)

A

Epidemic spreading over several countries or continents

e.g. Influenza pandemic 1918 and recent H1N1v (swine flu) pandemic of 2009

19
Q

Give 5 examples of notifiable diseases

A
  1. Malaria
  2. TB
  3. Typhus
  4. Measles
  5. Rubella
20
Q

What is the case definition of suspected (in communicable diseases)?

A

Any febrile illness accompanied by rash

21
Q

What is the case definition of probable (in communicable diseases)?

A

A case that meets the clinical case definition, has noncontributory or no serologic or virologic testing, and is not epidemiologically linked to a confirmed case

22
Q

What is the case definition of confirmed (in communicable diseases)?

A

A case that is laboratory confirmed or that meets the clinical case definition and is epidemiologically linked to a confirmed case. (A laboratory-confirmed case does not need to meet the clinical case definition.)

23
Q

What are the principles of communicable disease control?

A
  • Control the source
  • Interrupt transmission- vector control, needle exchange, hand washing
  • Protect susceptible population by immunisation or chemoprophylaxis

Unit 13 (Tommy) (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions