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A level Computer Science > 1.3.2 (Networks) > Flashcards

1.3.2 (Networks) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a node?

A
  • A computer in a network
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2
Q

What is a Network?

A
  • A collection of connected nodes
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3
Q

What’s the advantages of using a network?

A
  • Share files
  • Share hardware
  • Use any computer
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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a network?

A
  • Expensive
  • Needs a specialist
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5
Q

What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

A
  • Allows a node to attach to a network
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6
Q

What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?

A
  • Devices linked in the same geographical location
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7
Q

What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

A
  • Devices linked across a large geographic area
  • Often connected via a 3rd party channel
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8
Q

What is a protocol?

A
  • A set of rules to govern data transmission
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9
Q

Why do we need to use protocols?

A
  • Computers only transmit binary so rules need to be set to establish what the binary means
  • So data can be sent / received
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10
Q

What is the HTTP used for?

A
  • It’s a protocol for viewing web pages
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11
Q

What is the HTTPS used for?

A
  • It’s a protocol for viewing web pages securely using encryption
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12
Q

What is the FTP used for?

A
  • It’s a protocol for transferring files
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13
Q

What is a standard?

A
  • An agreed set of rules for creating a type of code
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14
Q

Why do we use standards?

A
  • Developers want to know if their code will work for users
  • So need to know what user software is expecting
  • a standard agrees this so developers can begin work
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15
Q

What is a server?

A
  • A computer that holds data for other computers
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16
Q

What is a Client?

A
  • A computer that requests data from a server
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17
Q

What is a Client/Server network?

A
  • Clients request access to data/services from servers
  • Servers provide data/ services
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18
Q

What are the advantages to a client/server network?

A
  • Easier to secure data
  • Easier to backup data
  • Easier to manage users
  • Only one point of failure/place to update
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19
Q

What is a peer to peer network?

A
  • No device has a higher status than other devices
  • Devices request data/services from each other
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20
Q

What are the disadvantages to a client/server network?

A
  • Expensive
  • Central point of failure (Easy to infect whole network from one server)
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21
Q

What are the advantages of a peer to peer network?

A
  • Doesn’t rely on a server
  • Doesn’t rely on a single internet connection
  • Less hardware investment
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22
Q

What are the disadvantages of peer to peer networks?

A
  • Insecure
  • Lots of connections
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23
Q

What is Circuit switching?

A
  • A direct connection between two devices
24
Q

What is Packet switching?

A
  • A connection between two devices sent in small amounts of data
25
Q

What do packets contain?

A
  • IP address of the sender and recipient
  • MAC address of the sender and recipient
  • The total number of packets and this packets number in that sequence
  • A checksum to look for errors
26
Q

What is a switch?

A
  • Connects devices together in a LAN
  • Receives packets / data
  • Sends packets / data to the correct network device
27
Q

What is a router?

A
  • Passes data between two networks
  • Usually LAN / ISP
  • Edits packets to add correct IP addresses
28
Q

What is ethernet?

A
  • A type of wired connection using copper cables
  • Also a protocol and a standard
29
Q

What are the advantages for using ethernet?

A
  • High speed(1000Mbps)
  • Low interference
  • Secure
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of using ethernet?

A
  • Electrical interference
  • Limited range
  • Hard to add new nodes
31
Q

What is a network topology?

A
  • A map of how devices on a network connect to each other and the internet
32
Q

What are the advantages of using a star topology?

A
  • Fast, with few data collisions
  • Still works if some clients fail
33
Q

What is a star topology?

A
  • All nodes are connected to a switch and then a server
34
Q

What are the disadvantages to a star topology?

A
  • Requires hardware (Switch)
  • If the switch or server breaks, the whole network fails
35
Q

What is a mesh topology?

A
  • All nodes are connected to other nodes
36
Q

What are the advantages of using as mesh topology?

A
  • “Self healing”, no single point of failure
  • Doesn’t require servers or switches
37
Q

What are the disadvantages to using a mesh topology?

A
  • Hard to maintain
  • Lots of connections
  • Insecure
38
Q

What is a bus topology?

A
  • All nodes connected to a single cable called a bus
39
Q

What are the advantages of using a bus topology?

A
  • Less cable required
  • Doesn’t require servers or switches
40
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a bus topology?

A
  • If the main cable fails, the network fails
  • High collision rate
  • Low security
41
Q

What is a Wireless Access Point (WAP)?

A
  • A device that sends and receives data using radio signals
42
Q

What is Wireless Networking?

A
  • Data is broadcast at a chosen frequency
  • Frequencies are split into bands, almost all WiFi uses 2.4 or 5GHz
  • Bands are split into overlapping channels
43
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of 2.4GHz band?

A
  • Greater range and coverage
  • Very heavily populated, with more interference
44
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of 5GHz band?

A
  • Less crowded
  • More non-overlapping channels
  • Transmits faster
  • Finds it hard to penetrate walls
45
Q

What are the WiFi risks?

A
  • Devices can be accessed without a physical connection
  • Bandwidth can be stolen
  • Data can be intercepted
46
Q

What is a layer?

A
  • A step in a protocol
47
Q

Why should we use layers?

A
  • Each layer can be developed / tested separately
  • Different people can work on different layers
  • Layers can be improved and replaced
48
Q

What are the layers of a TCP/IP?

A
  • Application
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Link
49
Q

What happens in the Application layer?

A
  • A protocol is chosen
  • HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, FTP
50
Q

What happens in the transport layer?

A
  • Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
  • Sending : Split data into packets with packet numbers and port numbers
  • Receiving: Remove headers, reassemble packets, requesting any missing
51
Q

What happens in the internet layer?

A
  • Internet protocol (IP)
  • Sending: Add source and destination IP. IP and port is a socket
  • Receiving: Remove headers
52
Q

What happens in the link layer?

A
  • Sending: Add source and destination MAC for the next step
  • Receiving: Remove headers
53
Q

What is the full journey of the TCP/IP stack?

A
  • Starting at device 1, in the application layer the correct protocol is chosen.
  • In the transport layer, the data is split into packets and assigned a port number and packet numbers.
  • In the internet layer, the IP address of device 1 and the IP address of the final device is added.
  • In the link layer, the MAC address of device 1, and the MAC address of the next device in the journey is added
  • in the next device, the IP is checked and if it is not at the right location, it is sent back to the link layer to send it do the next device.
54
Q

What is a Domain Name System (DNS)?

A
  • A database matching IP addresses to domain names
55
Q

What is Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?

A
  • The written address of a website
56
Q

What are the key features of a DNS?

A
  • Speed
  • Privacy
  • Personalisation

A level Computer Science (19 decks)

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