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A level Computer Science > 1.2.1 (Operating Systems) > Flashcards

1.2.1 (Operating Systems) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Operating System?

A
  • Software that manages computers, and allows humans to use them
  • Held in permanent memory
  • Loaded by BIOS
  • Manages the computers hardware
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2
Q

What are the key roles of the OS?
(UFUMP)

A
  • User Interface
  • File management
  • User management
  • Memory management
  • Peripheral management
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3
Q

What are the key roles of the OS?
(MBIPI)

A
  • Memory management
  • Backing store management
  • Interrupt service routines
  • Processor scheduling
  • Input/Output management
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4
Q

What does the User Interface do?

A

Displays output to the user and allows them to interface with the hardware

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5
Q

What is file management?

A
  • Allocating space in secondary storage for files
  • Allowing users to open and rename / delete / create etc. files
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6
Q

What is user management?

A
  • Creating user accounts and passwords
  • Allocating space in memory for users’ data
  • Setting rules for what users are allowed to do
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7
Q

What is memory management?

A

Transferring data between different areas of memory e.g. moving data from secondary storage to primary memory

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8
Q

What is peripheral management?

A

Allowing the user and operating system to interface with additional hardware

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9
Q

What are device drivers?

A

Software that allows an operating system to interface with peripheral devices

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10
Q

What is backing store management?

A
  • Allocating and tracking data on secondary storage
  • Allocating addresses in secondary memory
  • modifying and deleting data in secondary memory
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11
Q

What is an interrupt, and give examples?

A
  • A signal to the CPU to change the process it is completing
  • Power failure, scheduled clock interrupt, input/output request
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12
Q

What is the interrupt process?

A
  • Interrupt signal is received
  • Stores values of registers for current task
  • Completes interrupt service routine
  • Restores previous task
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13
Q

What is paging?

A
  • Memory is divided into 4kb sections
  • Processes can be stored across several pages
  • Pages can be loaded/ dumped as needed
  • Can haveinternal fragmentation
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14
Q

What is segmentation?

A
  • Dividing memory logically according to program needs
  • Memory is divided into sections of variable length
  • Sections can be loaded individually
  • Can have external fragmentation
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15
Q

What is processor scheduling?

A
  • Assigning different tasks to a CPU at different times to give the appearance of multitasking
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16
Q

What are the types of processor scheduling?

A
  • First come first served
  • Shortest remaining time
  • Shortest job first
  • Round robin
  • multi-level feedback queues
17
Q

What is the BIOS?

A
  • Basic Input Output System
  • Initialises system hardware
  • Loads OS
18
Q

What is a multitasking operating system?

A
  • Runs on a stand alone computer
  • Performs multiple tasks at the same time
19
Q

What is multi-user multitasking operating system?

A
  • A single powerful computer connected to multiple terminals
  • Each user gets a slice of CPU time
  • May have a priority system
20
Q

What is a distributed operating system?

A
  • A parallel processing system that performs tasks across multiple computers and servers
  • Appears to the user as a single interface
  • Allows each device to do what it does best
21
Q

What is a real-time operating system?

A
  • An OS that responds very quickly to inputs
  • Deals with many inputs simultaneously
  • Incorporates redundancy
  • Must not stop
22
Q

What is an embedded operating system?

A
  • An OS built into another device
  • Very simple and limited RAM
  • Little if any secondary storage
  • Few inputs/outputs
23
Q

What is a virtual machine?

A
  • Software that imitates an OS on another machine
  • Uses a portion of the real OS resources
  • Can be used to test suspicious software/files
  • Can be used to test software in specific environments

A level Computer Science (19 decks)

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